TYPHOID FEVER. 203 



four forms as a group from most others, for which the 

 typhoid bacillus itself has at different times been mistaken, 

 whilst in addition to the differences above mentioned none 

 of the pseudo forms are quite so toxic to white mice as the 

 Eberth-Gaffky bacillus, and one of them is quite innocuous. 

 Although Cassedebat was not able to find the true form in 

 water taken from a supply that was open to contamina- 

 tion, he found that this was not because the bacilli could not 

 live in water, as in distilled water to which a cultivation was 

 purposely added he could easily distinguish its presence at 

 the end of forty-four days, and when added along with half 

 a-dozen other forms he still found it living and active at the 

 end of seventeen days. As the result of his observations he 

 comes to the conclusion that the true typhoid bacillus does 

 not occur in water so frequently as is sometimes represented, 

 and that one or other of the pseudo-typhoid bacilli has in 

 certain cases been mistaken for it. 



Literature. 



Authors already referred to. Brieger, Fliigge, Fraenkel. 

 Almquist. — Typhoid feberns bakterie. Stockholm, 1882. 

 Babes. — Journ. de I'AnatOmie, p. 39, Jan., 1884. 

 Beumer und Peiper. — ^Zeitschr f. Hygiene, p. 489, 1886. 

 BiRCH-HiRSCHFELD. — ^Zeitschrift f. Epidemiologic, Bd. i., 



1874. 

 Brieger und Ehrlich. — Berlin Klin. Woch., No. 44, p. 661, 



1882. 

 Cassedebat. — Annal. de I'Institut Pasteur. Oct. 25, 1890. 

 Chantemesse et Widal. — Arch, de Physiol, p. 217, 1887 ; 



Annal. de I'Institut Pasteur, t. 11., p. 54, 1888. 

 Coats. — Brit. Med. Journ., vol. i., p. 421, 1882. 

 Crooke. — Brit. Med. Journ., vol. 11., p. 15, 1882. 

 DowNES AND Blunt. — Proc. Roy. Soc, vol. xxvi.. No. 184, 



Dec. 6, 1877. 

 Downes, Blunt, and Tyndall. — Proc. Roy. Soc, vol. xxviii.. 



No. 191, Dec, 19, 1878. 

 Eberth.— Virch. Arch., Bd. lxxxl, p. 58, 1880; and Bd. 

 Lxxxiii., p. 486, 1881 ; Volkmann, Klin. Vortrage, 1883. 

 Fraenkel und Simmonds. — Centralbl. f. Klin. Med., p. 



737, Oct. 31, i88s ; Der aetiologische Bedeutung des 



Typhus Bacillus, 1886. 



