CHAPTER XrV. 



Glanders. 



Glanders — Farcy — Clinical Appearances of the Disease — Chauveau's obser- 

 vations on Glanders Poison — Loffler and Schiitz — Method of Demon- 

 strating the Glanders Bacillus — The Bacillus — Methods of Cultivation 

 — Glanders in Various Animals — Farcy in Man — Temperature relations 

 of Bacillus — Desiccation — Germicides. 



Although one of the best known, and, from its anatomo- 

 pathological point of view, best described of all diseases with 

 which the veterinary surgeon has to deal, it was long before 

 most observers in the veterinary schools could be brought 

 to look upon glanders as a contagious infective disease. 

 It is found especially in the horse and the ass, but as in 

 the case of tetanus, it may also be encountered in other 

 animals. When it occurs in or under the skin it is known 

 as Farcy, and in this form is usually found in man. 

 The primary disease is usually in the respiratory passages, 

 the lungs and the skin, especially around the orifices of the 

 nostrils and mouth ; the parts secondarily affected may be 

 those in communication with the lymphatics from an in- 

 fected area, or we may have distinct metastatic abscesses (or 

 abscesses at some distance from the original focus of the 

 disease), the material in such cases being carried apparently 

 by the blood along the course of the blood vessels. In all 

 cases the intensity of the disease appears to be in direct 

 ratio to the number and rapidity of formation and softening 

 of the small nodules, the process, as we shall find, being 

 determined by the presence and activity of a specific bacillary 

 organism that has made its way into the tissues. The 

 small nodules, whether they occur in the skin or on 

 the mucous membrane, say of the septum of the nose, 

 appear as small grey, gelatinous-looking points about the 

 size of a millet seed. In spite of this gelatinous appearance 

 they are usually comparatively firm in consistence. Under 



