APPENDIX. 437 



contents ; in agar-agar as smoke-like opacities not sharply defined from the 

 surrounding agar ; in needle cultures there is a similar turbidity along the 

 track of the needle ; grows best in this latter substance when one or two per 

 cent, of grape sugar is added, and at the temperature of the body ; liquefies 

 gelatine, and is an exceedingly motile organism from 3 to 3.5/* in length, 

 and i.ift in breadth ; usually a couple of rods are linked together, or they 

 may form threads 14 to 40/j in length ; have rounded ends, are compara- 

 tively stiff, may be broken or looped and twisted around each other ; spores 

 are formed either at the end or in the middle, giving rise to drum-stick 

 shape or spindle shaped forms, these spores are most readily formed at the 

 temperature of the room ; they differ from the anthrax bacillus in having 

 the rounded ends, being somewhat smaller, and' in being strongly anaerobic. 



(2) Pseudoedema (PseudoSdetti) bacillus (Liborius). — Found in the oede- 

 matous fluid of the tissues of a mouse that had been inoculated with garden 

 earth. On plates forms small globes with fluid contents, at the lower part 

 of which there are usually white deposits ; above this is fluid and then a little 

 bubble of gas ; in agar-agar containing sugar little oval or lentil-shaped 

 bubbles with irregular outUnes are formed ; in puncture cultures in agar-agar 

 there occurs a cloudiness along the needle track and gas is foroied, this fre- 

 quently bringing about the cleaving of the medium ; the organism grows 

 slowly, and does not liquefy the gelatine ; under the microscope it is a bacillus 

 somewhat thicker than the oedema, bacillus ; one or two spores may be 

 formed in each bacillus ; when injected into the veins or into the sub- 

 cutaneous tissue of mice and rabbits it causes death in a very short time. 



(3) Bacillus of symptomatic anthrax (Charbon symptomatique, Rausch- 

 brand bacillus). — Is found in the serous fluids, bile, and muscular tumours 

 in cases of " quarter evil." Can only be cultivated ancerobic^Uy ; it has been 

 cultivated in fowl broth to which small quantities of glycenne and sulphate 

 of iron have been added, the air being driven from the upper part of the 

 vessel in which the culture is made by means of CO2 or hydrogen ; grows 

 best at the temperature of the body ; is a motile organism from 3 to 5/1 in 

 length, and from .5 to ,6fi in breadth ; the organism very frequently con- 

 tains spores at the ends, and is usually motile. 



(4) Bacillus butyricus (Liborius). — Is an anaerobic organism very like the 

 bacillus butyricus of Prazmowski, even as regards the method of formation 

 of the spores ; when grown in gelatine from which the whole of the oxygen 

 has been driven off, it appears as whitish, not very sharply defined, colonies, 

 which on about the third day are surrounded by a narrow zone of liquefac- 

 tion, this gradually increases in size, and the whitish mass sinks to the 

 bottom of the globe so that we have a clear globe with a small precipitate 

 at the bottom, bubbles of gas gradually passing into the upper layers of 

 gelatine, driving out the oxygen and allowing the organism to grow in this 

 position, which it never does in the first instance; this gas has a disagreeable 

 odour. 



(5) ? Clostridium butyricum or bacillus butyricus of Prazmowski, see p. 432. 



(6) Bacillus of tetanus, see p. 287. 



V. Organisms described in the tissues, but has not yet 

 been artificially cultivated outside the body, ?>., they do 

 not grow under ordinary conditions. 



(l) Bacillus lepra, see p. 247. 



