MENTAL LIFE OF APES AND MONKEYS _ 263 
ing his rug over objects at some distance from his cage and 
pulling them in. If a nut or piece of banana was placed be- 
yond his reach outside his cage he would get his rug from his 
bed, stuff it with considerable labor between the bars of his 
cage, and throw it like a net over the desired object. He 
was taught to substitute a stick for the rug and succeeded 
in employing it to secure bits of food. The next day he 
learned to use a short stick in order to reach a longer one 
with which he could secure a piece of banana. “I put my 
stick,” says Hobhouse, “out of his reach, and a piece of 
banana beyond it again, while I gave him ashort stick. He 
did not, however, use it until I first pushed the big stick about 
with it. He then made an attempt to reach my stick with 
‘the short one, but without success. I then gave him 
rather a larger stick, with which he at once tried to reach 
mine, but instead of getting hold of it he knocked it slant- 
wise, so that one end was farther off from him than before, 
and one end nearer. He now directed his stick to the 
nearer end, pulled mine in, and with its aid reached the 
banana.” 
The chimpanzee would use his stick in different ways 
according to circumstances. “The banana was generally 
given him inside a cigar box. He would reach out with 
his stick at the box, and sweep it round by a radial motion, 
so that in so doing he was not obeying the natural impulse 
to draw it straight toward him, but merely was bringing 
it to a point to which he could afterward go andgetit. One 
half of his cage, however, was covered with plate glass, 
so that if, in describing a quarter circle he swept the box up 
against the glass he could not reach it at once with his arm. 
He would then alter the motion, and rake with the point of the 
stick, drawing the box in in astraight line. When he had to 
fish for a box close to the wall, he would take trouble to get 
