XVI REFORMS IN CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY 283 



covered-ill top is preferable, as shown in Fig. 23, to exclude 

 dirt falling in. It must, of course, be readily cleansable. 



MilL'ing-JIachines. — In view of the contamination of milk 

 which results from the ordinary methods of milking, milking- 

 machines have been welcomed by some writers as a solution of 

 the problem. They have been introduced as a means of milk- 

 ing a number of cows together, or at least more rapidly than 

 by hand, and, apart from their sanitary importance, must 



Fii;. 24. — TliL^ Bunell-Lawreiict-KL^niied)' C'o\\' ^Iill^t■l■. 



succeed or fail according as they are economically efficient or 

 not. They appear to have been more used in America than 

 in this country. Solely from the point of view as to whether 

 they are likely to give a milk freer from bacteria than one 

 obtained in the ordinary way they cannot be reconjmended. 

 They are complicated in construction, and have a numlier of 

 long rubber tidies. They must therefore be extremely difficult 

 to clean and keep clean, and in the hands of any but the most 

 aseptic-minded persons are almost sure to be an added source 

 of bacteria rather than the opposite. Fig. 24 illustrates one 



