292 MILK AND THE PUBLIC HEALTH chap. 



must not be able to get in, the milk must not be able to 

 get out. 



The churn illustrated (Figs. 29 and 30) is an excellent 

 type, which fulfils all reasonable requirements. The knob in 

 the centre of the lid is a convenience to porters when rolling 

 the milk. 



A minor point, but not unimportant, is that the gallon 

 marks inside must not be on a separate brass slip, but the 

 content should be indicated by accurate indentations. If 



^Nozzle protected 

 ''from injury 



\ 



_hd^.- Rim oj 

 _/^ . . . Edge i 



tf malleable iro 



Edge strengthened 

 th wire 



Heauy malleable iron, 



uery strong, 



_ _ Recess for flange of lid 

 to preuent splashing 



Arched bottom ensures 

 great strength. 



Shoulder on hoop 



.'prevents it from 

 "Driuing up." 



Beaded edge 

 ■preuents bending 

 and cutting floois. 



Fig. 29.— Whole Cluirn. 



Fig. 30. — Section of Ch\iru. 



there is a separate brass slip it works loose, milk gets behind, 

 and the cleaning of the churns is made more difficult. 



The fact that the great bulk of the milk sent by train in 

 this country is still sent in unlocked churns is eloquent both 

 of the unprogressiveness and of the sanitary ignorance of most 

 farmers, since it costs no more to send the milk in locked 

 churns. The author of the valuable report upon " The Milk 

 Supply of Large Towns," published in the British Medical 

 Journal of 1903, dealt with the question of locked churns 

 and the railway companies. Eeplies to letters to the principal 

 railway companies of England were in the form of assurances 

 from almost all that they were ready to carry milk in sealed 

 churns at the same rate as in churns with unlocked lids. They 

 required that in the case of " sealed cans " each can must have 



