XVI REFORMS IN CONDITIONS OF SUPPLY 295 



part of their trading are most unsatisfactory, and," as far as the 

 sale of milk is concerned, they should be eliminated by making 

 the requirements as to the sale of milk on unsuitable premises 

 very stringent. Short of their suppression, the sale of milk 

 should only be permitted upon premises which are clean and 

 in a sanitary condition. It should only be sold from vessels 

 provided with proper muslin or metal covers, and the ordinary 

 dipper should be abolished. Article 13 of the Dairies, Cow- 

 sheds, and Milkshops Order, 1885, allows such a regulation 

 as the following to be made under it : " Every retail purveyor 

 of milk shall cause every vessel containing milk to be protected 

 from dust, flies, and other sources of contamination by means 

 of suitable covers." 



An important problem for consideration is whether milk 

 should be sold in bottles or cans. 



Cans have the following advantages : They are easy to 

 handle ; after the initial capital outlay there is no continuous 

 expense to replace broken cans, as they last fairly well ; they 

 are easy to clean. They have the following disadvantages : 

 The lids become badly fitting after rough usage and allow dust 

 and dirt to get in ; they afford much greater opportunity for 

 home pollution; contamination from dust may occur when the 

 milk is poured into them ; they often contain short measure. 



The delivery of milk in bottles has two great advantages. 

 If properly filled in a clean place, and properly sealed, they 

 prevent contamination during 

 delivery, while they diminish 

 contamination after delivery. 

 Their disadvantages are, unfor- 

 tunately, many. The breakage 

 of bottles is considerable, and 

 makes the expense of using them 



considerable. Being heavy, a pio. 3 i.^steamTm-bine Brush Machine. 



smaller quantity of milk can be 



carried round by one man. Many bottles are lost, the lower 

 class of consumer breaking and retaining them, while they are 

 often returned in such a condition that efficient cleaning is 

 especially difficult. The bottles are difficult to clean, and to 

 clean properly require costly cleaning machinery. Fig. 31 

 illustrates a good type of steam turbine brush machine for 



