XVIII PREVENTION OF TUBERCULOSIS 325 



are allowed to join as have had their stock subjected to the 

 tuberculin test, and, in case of its proving only partially 

 healthy, have suitably isolated the healthy animals from the 

 diseased ones. No increase of the herd by animals of other 

 stock (except calves under one month) is allowed, unless thej- 

 come from a healthy stock and have been found healthy on 

 being tested with tuberculin. The object of the associntion 

 is, besides setting a good example, to facilitate the purchase of 

 healthy animals, as members who want to buy or sell may 

 apply for advice to one among them who keeps a list of the 

 farms where healthy animals are for sale. To some of the 

 members is delegated the duty of superintending the heating 

 of milk at the dairies. Members pay a subscription of 2 kr. 

 (about 2s.) yearly. 



Writing in 1908 Bang recorded that the association had 

 prospered greatly since its inception in December 1905 and 

 had 125 members possessing stock amounting to 2740 cows 

 and young cattle. 



Through the kindness of Dr. Robertson, medical officer of 

 health, Birmingham, I am enabled to give the following 

 particulars of the working of Bang's system among the cows 

 supplying milk to Birmingham. The Birmingham scheme 

 was initiated in 1908. It only applies to cowsheds situate 

 within ten miles of the city, and from which milk is sent to 

 Birmingham. The Corporation of Birmingham supplies free 

 of cost the tuberculin and veterinary assistance necessary for 

 the testing of the cows twice annually. The farmer undertakes 

 to separate the diseased from the healthy cows, and to gradu- 

 ally get rid of the diseased animals. Wasters and cows with 

 tuberculosis of the udder have to be dried off and sold for 

 slaughter. Tuberculosis-free animals are to be marked. The 

 farmer has to carry out the necessary disinfection after the 

 removal of an infected cow from the shed. Quarterly 

 certificates of freedom from tuberculosis are given by the city 

 of Birmingham and a public list is kept of farms upon which 

 all the cows are free from tuberculosis. 



The following facts give particulars of the scheme at 

 Birmingham. At the beginning of 1910, in 13 herds number- 

 ing 550 cows. Bang's method was being applied, while 4 

 herds with 151 cows came into the scheme during 1910. 



