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branch or cluster, showing grapes that have been destroyed or injured by its attacks, 

 as well as those that have escaped to a certain extent. It is found that at one season 

 of the year, usually the spring, a class of spores appears ; when the tissue of the 

 grape is examined at this time we find short, thread-like structures rising, the ends of 

 them becoming more or less contracted and finally dropping oflf. But there is another 

 form ; on the grapes you find blackish pimples forming at times, and the grape 

 becomes more or less shrivelled. If you examine these pimples you will find that 

 there are two classes of conceptacles or cavities in them. Here I have them repre- 

 sented as Nos. 1 and 2. When you look into No. 1 closely you will find a sort of 

 thread-like structures, which, as they advance in growth, by-and-by give rise to these 

 little rounded bodies. These are the spores, and there is a little opening here. They 

 roll out, and when they reach a proper condition, give rise to fungus. You have 

 receptacles here as in No. 2. They give rise to thj'ead-like structures that develop 

 into another class of spores. Sometimes these have a peculiar form. Little rounded 

 bodies appear on the grape and issuing from them comes a sort of thread-like mass 

 of these spores. They come squirming out like so many worms. Further on you 

 find another class of spores in these somewhat large cavities ; these bodies are some- 

 what flask-shaped. Inside of them are eight or nine spores and when these breakup 

 they give riee to the spores you see represented in that figure. In this black rot you 

 find there are no less than four kinds of spores known as Stylospores, Spermatia, 

 Gonidia and Sporidia or Ascospores. The two last forms of fungi belong to the same 

 group as the plum knot on the plum tree. This black rot presents an exceedingly 

 complicated life history indeed. Here you find the threads rising from these spores 

 becoming interlaced. They dive into the cells, not, as up here, between the cells, and 

 they are more or less interlaced. The thread-like structures have divisions, not as 

 here where you had a long thread-like structure without division. Now, having 

 looked into the life history of Laestadia Bidwellii, what remedy can be pursued ? It 

 has been found that sulphate of iron has a good efifect. It is when the grape has got 

 about two'thirds its size before the attack is made; taking advantage of this, many 

 have followed the plan of bagging the grapes — that is, putting bags, usually of paper, 

 about them. Those keep the spores off, and by that means the disease is avoided. 

 Whenever grapes are affected destroy them as far as possible. 



We have now discussed three of the most common and most injurious parasites 

 that affect the grape plant. I do not think it is necessary for me to go any further 

 into the subject ; your attention has been very close and to me the task has been 

 pleasant, t have referred to the division into flowering and flowerless plants, the 

 difference between seeds and spores, the two great types of fungi, those that live on 

 dead and those that live on living matter, and then fully discussed these three living 

 forms illustrated by the large diagrams before you, and I hope I have succeeded in 

 making the subjects clear, interesting, instructive and practical. (Applause.) 



The President. — I think I am expressing the sentiments of this meeting when 

 I say we are greatly indebted to Prof. Panton for the extremely lucid way he 

 has explained this most difficult and most intricate subject. It is a question of the 

 greatest importance to fruit growers, and it is one that is deserving of a very large 

 attention on the part, not only of the fruit growers themselves, but those who are 

 officially interested in promoting the industry. I hope there will be a good discus- 

 sion on this paper. 



Mr. WooLVERTON. — I found during the last summer some specimens of grapes 

 affected with a very similar fungus to the last one described. The grapes, however, 

 instead of being black, were brown, and I believe it is known as the brown rot on 

 the grape. Some samples from the Province of Quebec were sent to me, and perhaps 

 Prof. Panton could say a word with regard to that. 1 do not know of its being 

 found in any part of Southern Ontario. Indeed, I do not think we have either black 

 or brown rot to any extent in our section of the country. 



Prof. Panton. — It has not come under my observation. 



Mr. WooLVERTON. — I may say that the powdery mildew is quite common with 

 us in the Niagara district. This last season it was very injurious. It has had a very 



