6t) 



II. But while many of the insect tribes may be ranked as the fruitgrowers' 

 friends, it must be allowed that the operations of others run directly counter to his 

 interests. 



For our present purpose, we may divide these injurious insects into — 



a. Leaf-eaters. 



b. Borers. 



c. Sap-drainers. 



d. Fruit-spoilers. 



a. Of leaf-eating insects the kinds most to be dreaded are, 1 believe, those small 

 but most mischievous kinds that are known as bud moths, leaf-crumplers, leaf-rollers, 

 palmer worms, &c. Among the worst of them are : — 



Imetocera ocellana (Schiff). The larva of this eats the flower buds and young 

 fruit. It is of a dirty brown colour, and is three-quarters of an inch long when full 

 grown. The moth is grey with white bands on the fore-wings, and in expanse of 

 wings measures half an inch. It belongs to the Tortricina. 



Phycis indiginella (Zeller). The caterpillar of this is known as the "leaf 

 crumpler." It comes late in the summer, and passes the winter in a case made of 

 crumpled leaves drawn together with silken threads. In early spring it comes forth 

 to devour the tender buds and complete its growth. It is a little over half an inch 

 long, of a greenish colour, and has a horny plate on the second segment. Its head 

 is brown. The moth is a pretty object, having silvery white wings with brown zig- 

 zag markings. It belongs to the Tineina, as the diminutive afHx to its name implies. 



Gaccecia rosaceana (Harris). The oblique banded leaf-roller is one of the worst 

 of these small moths. The perfect insect has the outline of a lyre or a bell. It is 

 cinnamon coloured, and is marked obliquely on the lore wings with three brown 

 bands. The caterpillar is about three-quarters of an inch long, pale green in colour, 

 with a brown head. It works sad destruction, gathering the young leaves together, 

 and tangling up the flower buds and preventing them from unfolding. It even 

 gnaws the young fruit. 



Teras malivorana (Le Baron). The lesser leaf folder is a pretty little moth 

 belonging to the Tortricina. The fore part of the body and the fore wings are 

 bright yellow; the after part of the body and hind wings are whitish. It measures 

 half an inch when the wings are expanded. The larva is-light green and has a 

 brown head. It curls the leaf up and fastens the edges together to make itself a 

 shelter. 



Tpsolophus pometellus (Harris). "The Palmer worm" is at times very injur- 

 ious. It is a social caterpillar, living with its fellows in a tent made of the leaves of 

 a twig drawn together. The worm is pale yellowish green, with a darker dorsal 

 line and side lines. The latter are edged above with white. It eats away the fleshy 

 portions of the leaves. The moth is variable, but generally is ash grey dotted with 

 black. The hind wings are glossy and slightly shot with blue. 



In dealing with all these insects and with others of similar habits promptitude 

 is the secret of success. As soon as ever the leaf buds begin to open Paris green 

 should be applied by means of a sprinkler; and after the fruit is well set a second 

 sprinkling may be given. Care should always be taken not to over -dose the trees. 

 In autumn the dead leaves in the orchard may be raked up and burned — that hidden 

 pupse may be destroyed. 



Of the grosser feeders in the orchard one of the most common is GUdocampa 

 Americana (Harris) ; but this is easily dealt with. In the winter the egg-masses of 

 the species may be detected and dislodged with the thumb-nail. They should then 

 be burned. Some of the masses will perhaps escape notice, and the unsightly webs, 

 spun by the caterpillars, in course of time appear. The fruit grower, provided witli 

 a stick having a slight but stiff crotch or fork at one end, should go in the early 

 morning when the dew is heavy — for at such times the caterpillars are all within 

 the shelter of their web — and should thurst the crotch into the mass ; then, by turn- 

 ing the stick gently a few times, the whole mass may be drawn together, 'detached 



