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which I now desire particularly to draw your attention is the spraying of arsenical 

 insecticides upon fruit trees. The results have been so satisfactory to all who have 

 experimented with them that I cannot understand why they are not more generally 

 used. During the last two or three years careful experiments have been carried out 

 to test the efficacy of these remedies. The result of these investigations is that they 

 are pronounced to be perfectly sate and sure remedies if certain precautions are 

 taken in their application. There is of course danger in using arsenic in any form; 

 at the same time, with ordinary and proper care arsenic may be used satisfactorily 

 aud good results will follow. For the successful use of these substances, I think it 

 IS necessary to have a force pump of some kind and a spray nozzle. A very suitable 

 sort offeree pump may be obtained complete with a cyclone nozzle, the most useful 

 form of nozzle, for about $4.50. This will give the gardener and fruit grower an 

 instrument with which he can spray a small number of trees. If he has a large 

 orchard it will be necessary for him to procure one of the larger and more expensive 

 machines made in the United States. Here in Canada in most of the large cities 

 you can obtain a small force pump for $5.00,which with spray nozzles of two sizes and a 

 light extension bamboo rod, will give you all the apparatus necessary for spraying 

 trees as large as either apple or pear trees grow in this country. There is a combina- 

 tion of the Eiley cyclone nozzle, known as the New Zealand Triplet. This has been tried 

 ill Australia with very good success. I believe with a force pump and a spray nozzle 

 any fruit grower will be fitted out to prevent at least seventy-five per cent, of the loss to 

 his plums and apples if he will follow the instructions given in the numerous publica- 

 ions which havedealt with those subjects. There is just one more point I should like to 

 speak of, and that is : How to spray. A great many have reported against spraying 

 the arsenites upon orchard trees, because they found their trees injured by 

 the arsenic in the mixtures used. This has resulted from the fact that 

 the spraying was not done properly, and with this, as with everything 

 else, _ when you attempt to do it without knowing how, you are liable 

 to fail. In spraying a tree the spray should be directed to one spot only until 

 the liquid begins to drop from the leaves. You should not drench your trees. The 

 cyclone nozzle prevents you spraying in the wi-ong way, if j'ou use it as above 

 directed. In that way you have a sufficient quantity of poison on your plant to 

 protect it against the attacks of injurious insects, and at the same time you do not 

 run the risk of destroying your foliage. With regard to the proper time for spray- 

 ing, of course you must be guided very largely by circumstances. If you are spraying 

 for the codling moth, and know something of its habits, you will know that the 

 egg is laid inside the flower, or at any rate whilst the calyx of the flower is turned up. 

 Afterwards, as the apple increases in size and weight, it turns over and hangs down. 

 It would be impossible to spray so that the poison should fall inside the calyx after 

 it has turned down. You must not, however, spray the trees until the flowers are 

 mature and the ovaries are fertilized, or you will run the risk of destroying the 

 fruit-growers' good friends, the bees. Directly the petals of the flowers 

 begin to drop on you will be perfectly safe in spraying your trees. In spraying 

 plum trees for the curculio, there is no advantage in spraying too soon. It is best 

 to spray for the first time when the plums are about the size of small peas, and again 

 a second time about a fortnight later. By spraying the trees, a fine coating of the 

 poisonous material is deposited over every part of the tree, on the foliage, the twigs 

 and the fruit. The curculio feeds not only on the leaves and young plums, but also 

 on the green bai'k and the young twigs. When the parent beetles come to the 

 trees to feed, even if they only consume a small portion of the jilant, they are sure 

 to eat with it some of the arsenic. This poison does not act very rapidly, and death 

 may not result for a day or even two, but it is sure in the end. I am decidedly in 

 favour of using weak mixtures, with, if necessary, two applications, bj- which better 

 results will be secured than by putting on strong mixtures, and running the risk of 

 injuring your trees. With regard to the strength of mixtures, I have found the 

 following satisfactory : With Paris green, 1 lb. to 200 gallons of water for apple, 

 cherry and plum trees ; 1 lb. to 250 gallons of water for pear trees, and if used upon 



