D4 ZOOLOGY. 



also pupse distinguished by the peculiarity that when 

 the insect has lived through the maggot-stage it does 

 not strip off its integument, but turns into a pupa 

 inside the shrivelled maggot-skin, from which the 

 perfect insect later on breaks out (Fig. 67). 



The class of insects can be divided into eleven 

 orders : (1) Coleoptera (Beetles) ; (2) Orthoptera (Grass- 

 hoppers, Locusts) ; (3) Neuroptera (Dragon-flies) ; (4) 

 Hymenoptera (Bees, Ants, Saw-flies) ; (5) Lepidoptera 

 (Butterflies and Moths) ; (6) Hemiptera (Aphides, 

 Bugs) ; (7) Physopoda (Thrips) ; (8) Diptera (Flies 

 with two wings) ; (9) Aphaniptera (Fleas) ; (10) 

 Pediculina (Lice) ; (11) GoUembola (Spring-tails and 

 Tassel-tails). 



Order L : Coleoptera (Beetles). 



Beetles (Fig. 65) are insects with biting mouth- 

 parts, and strongly developed prothorax united with 

 the mesothorax so as to permit free movement. The 

 fore-wings are in the form of hard covers, leaving 

 exposed only the head, neck-shield (i.e. the dorsal 

 side of the prothorax), a three-cornered bit of the 

 mesothorax (scutelluTn), and sometimes the tip of the 

 abdomen. Flight is effected by the hind wings alone, 

 which in a state of rest are drawn back under the wing- 

 covers. The metamorphosis is complete; the larvae 

 are legless, or with thoracic legs only, and have a 

 hard head with biting mouth-parts ; change into free 

 pupse (p. 93). 



Family : Carabidse (Ground Beetles). 



Usually elongated, slender ; with long slender legs, 

 five-jointed tarsi, eleven-jointed antenna, powerful 

 jaws (Figs. 68, 69). Run rapidly; usually keep on 

 the ground ; hide themselves during the day, but are 

 very active at night ; with very few exceptions feed 



