212 ZOOLOGY. 



infested with thread worms may be given chopped 

 carrots, beets, and turnips, previously mixed with 

 sugar or crushed sugarcandy. Roasted oats are also 

 good. For sheep finely crushed glass, kneaded into 

 pills with bread, will always suflSce. Gritty sand in 

 the food may also be of use. Pigs should be given 

 sour milk, acorns, unripe cheese, horseradish. For 

 dogs, sausages containing garlic, as much flesh food as 

 possible, strongly salted food, milk boiled with garlic. 

 In all cases iron may be given. The advice of a 

 veterinary surgeon should be sought in the matter 

 of medicines (tansy, male fern root, tartar emetic, 

 arsenious acid, etc.). 



Family : Strongylidse (Palisade Worms). 



Spindle-shaped ; anus on the tip of the hind end of 

 the body ; in all thread worms the rectum and male 

 sexual organs open by a common cloacal opening, 

 which, in the palisade worms, is surrounded by an 

 umbrella, or cup-shaped apparatus (bursa), kept 

 expanded by means of muscular ribs (Fig. 129). 



Here belong — 



The Giant Palisade "Worm, or Strongyle, (Eustron- 

 gylus gigas). Female from a foot to thirty-nine 

 inches long, and as much as two-fifths of an inch 

 thick. Male six to sixteen inches long; reddish. 

 Lives in the cavity (pelvis) of the kidneys in horses, 

 oxen, dogs, and man; causes degeneration of the 

 kidneys, with blood in the urine, nervous diseases, 

 and disturbance of the feelings and intelligence. 



The Armed Palisade Worm, or Strongyle (Strongylus 

 armatus), four-fifths of an inch to two inches long, 

 one twenty -fifth to one-twelfth of an inch thick ; 

 reddish brown. Taken into the gut of the horse with 

 the drinking water as a young, minute worm, it 

 bores through the walls of this organ into the blood- 

 vessels branching there. Later on it bores into the 

 walls of the larger arteries of the hinder part of the 



