214 ZOOLOGY. 



the walls of the arteries into their cavities, and are 

 carried by the blood-stream to the walls of the gut, 

 which they penetrate in order to reach its cavity, 

 where (csecum and large intestine) they pair, after 

 which the female lays eggs, which are carried to the 

 exterior in the dung. The quickly hatched young 

 seek water, mud, or damp earth, where they live 

 until, by some means (e.g. with the drinking water) 

 they manage to enter the gut of a horse or (more 

 often) ass. Preventive Measure: Horses and asses 

 must not be allowed to drink stagnant water. 



The Stomacli Palisade Worm, or Strongyle of the Sheep 

 (Strongylus contortus). Male one-half to two-thirds 

 of an inch, female three-quarters to four-fifths of an 

 inch long ; whitish or reddish, somewhat coiled at 

 both ends. The disease of the stomach, and diarrhoea, 

 which affect lambs, usually in spring, and result from 

 the presence of these worms in large numbers in the 

 true or fourth stomach, lead to emaciation, weakness, 

 and poverty of blood. Development unknown. Nutri- 

 tious food will cure lambs which are not very badly 

 infested, but hastens the death of those which are. 



The Lung Worm of Lambs (Strongylus jilaria). 

 Male an inch, female as much as three and a half 

 inches long, thread-shaped, white or yellowish. It 

 appears that the young worms are taken into the 

 stomach of a lamb (or sheep) with the drinking water ; 

 they are found there in May, June, and July. They 

 quickly climb back into the throat, from which they 

 get into the windpipe and its branches. There they 

 penetrate the mucous membrane, where, until they have 

 reached the sexual stage, they are found imbedded in 

 smaU swellings, which they quit at the end of winter 

 or the beginning of the next spring, if their host lives 

 so long. The female bears living young, which as 

 very minute worms may be met with by the hundred 

 in the mucous lining the windpipe and its branches. 

 A direct transference of the parasite from one sheep 



