WORMS. 215 



-to another does not take place, since the young born 

 in the mucus secreted by the walls of the air- tubes must 

 first live and grow for some time in water or slime 

 before they are able to undergo further development 

 in the body of a sheep or lamb. The fate, however, 

 of the young worms which pass to the exterior in the 

 mucus is not yet sufficiently known. Symptoms of 

 Disease: Running of slime from the nose, difficulty 

 of breathing, cough, emaciation, poverty of blood. 

 Death ensues in from two to four months. Recovery 

 only of very strong individuals infested by com- 

 paratively few parasites, most of which they cough 

 out. Preventive Measures: In regions where the 

 evil is very prevalent the young sheep must not be 

 allowed to go into the meadows. If it is impossible 

 to keep them penned in, a little food and water may 

 be given before sending them to pasture in the 

 morning. In this way the danger of infection will be 

 somewhat lessened, since it is then less likely that 

 the animals will eagerly betake themselves to pools 

 and ditches in order to quench their thirst. Since 

 during the months May to July the young worms 

 (most probably taken in with the water drunk) are 

 found in the stomach, it is good during this time to 

 give vermifuges to the lambs and sheep. For 

 medicines a veterinary surgeon should be consulted. 



The Small-tailed Palisade Worm, or Strongyle (Stron- 

 gylusTTiicrurus), Thread-shaped; male one and two- 

 fifths, female two and two-fifths to two and four-fifths 

 of an inch long; lives in oxen (especially calves) in 

 swellings of the arteries, also in the wind-pipe and its 

 branches. Severe bronchitis. 



Family : Trichotraclielidee ( Whip Worms). 



Small, slender, elongated worms, with the anus or, 

 in the male, cloacal aperture at the hinder end of 

 the body ; the latter, however, is not — as in palisade 



