GLOSSARY. 
Acuminate.—Tapering to a point. 
Adipose—Fatty matter throughout the tissue. 
Armature.—A prickle or bony point. 
Axil.—Literally the armpit ; the inner angle at the base of a fin or spine. 
Basibranchials.—Small bones uniting the branchial arches below. 
Branchial,—Relating to the gill. 
Branchie.— Gills. 
Branchial arches.—Plates which bear the gills. In the Perch they are five, four 
bearing gills; the fifth dwarfed, and bearing teeth called lower pharyngeal 
bone. The arches are divided into movable portions dilated and confluent 
above, beset with fine teeth, and called the upper pharyngeal bones. 
Branchiostegals.—The margin of the gill-cover has a skinny fringe to close it 
more effectually; this fringe is supported by one or many bony rays called 
branchiostegals. 
Bifurcated.—Forked. 
Bumbora.—aA sunken rock or reef covered at low-water. 
Canines.—Larger projecting teeth like dog teeth. 
Ceratobranchials.—The middle segments of the branchial arches. 
Coecal.—Blind, or closed sac, not perforate. 
Confiuent.— When separate parts become united so as to lose their distiuctness 
they-are said to be confluent. 
Cran.—A barrel of herrings. 
Deciduous.—Easily falling away. 
Denticulate—Finely toothed. 
Dun.—Broken dried cod-fish. 
Emarginate.—Notched or cut out at the edge. 
Epibranchials.—The upper segment of the branchial arch. 
Ethmoid.—aA cartilage, thickest above the vomer, which extends as a narrow atripe 
along the bony partition between the eyes. The nerves of smell (olfactory) run 
along and through the Ethmoid. 
Falcate.—Crescent-shaped or bent like a reaping-hook. 
Filament.—A thread-like membrane. 
Finlets.—Small fins, such as those along the tail of the mackerel. 
Follicles.—Small leaf-like bags or cavities. 
Gibbous.—Swollen or humped at some part. of the surface. 
Grilse.—Young salmon that have never spawned. 
Hill or To Hill.—Sand- -heaps formed by Salmon for the ova. Hence the expres- 
sion “to hill,” for spawning time. The sand-heap is also called a ridd. 
Humeral.—Belonging to the shoulder. 
Hyaline—An extremely clear, transparent membrane. 
Hyoid.—tThe arch which encloses the branchial apparatus. 
Hypobranchial.—The lowest segment of the branchial arch absent from the fourth 
arch. 
Imbricate.—Laid over each other like tiles: 
Incisors.—Front cutting-teeth in fishes. 
Kelt,—Salmon exhausted, and often covered with parasites after spawning-time. 
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