8 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
held by a'strong man, the bit put into the animal's mouth, and con- 
ductors, which at their other end are secured in the holes of the col- 
lectors A and B, attached to the extremities. The commutator D is 
turned on, and the operator, holding the instrument in his left arm, 
watches the motions of the an- 
imal, which may give hima 
notion of what toexpect. The 
first shock is given by pressing 
the button E. The animal 
rears, backs, while the assist- 
ant, following it in its move- 
ments, firmly but without jerks 
pulls on the cavesson. At the 
slightest show of resistance he 
Fig. 5.—Place’s volta-faradic apparatus gives a second ora pie Bho 
as the case may require.” 
It. Bien happens that after this the animal remains quiet. If it 
resists, the conductors are attached to B and C, and the graduating 
tube drawn away to a greater or less distance. The continuous cur- 
rent can be stopped or allowed to go on by movements of the com- 
mutator D. 
While most high bred animals will be subdued by the first shock, 
even when it is very light, some of common, low breed, and of un- 
usual viciousness, will stand all the strength of the current and 
become submissive only after several shocks. 
We shall not here describe the ordinary posz sfocks, whose first 
types go back to the days of Greek hippiatres. They are found 
more or less everywhere. They immobilize the patients well, pre- 
vent lateral movements, falls on the ground, and injuries to assist- 
ants and operators. Though little used in Germany they find great 
favor in France. In the absence of stocks, Lucet recommends a 
contrivance very practical in country districts—a two wheeled 
truck, firmly blocked to prevent its moving, and with the shafts well 
secured at a proper height. Into this the horse is introduced be- 
tween the shafts head first and securely tied, while a bar placed 
transversely behind his haunches may be used to fix one of his legs, 
as is done in the post stocks. 
Vinsot has invented an advantageous moving stock, which permits 
of an operation being performed in the standing or the recumbent 
position (fig. 6). To place the horse in those stocks, open by re-. 
moving the horizontal bar(b), which is returned to its place when > 
the animal is in. Thehead is fixed to the front upright posts ; under 
the chest an apron is stretched, carrying two prolongations, which, 
_ passed between the posterior legs, support the hind quarters. The 
