20. VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
asepsis is very easy. In raising the animal, the end of the great 
chain is passed through the middle eye of the lever, the crank is put 
in motion, and the apparatus, gradually raised, returns to its vertical 
position. ‘The manipulations necessary for changing the position of 
the animal and turning it over require a long time. 
We have said that the means used fora forced recumbent position, 
no matter how carefully, may be followed by accidents. None is. 
positively safe. Still, accidents are less frequent with the perfected. 
operating tables than with the straw bed on the ground. 
Several other tables of American invention are also used to take the place: 
of the Daviau; among them are those of Hodgson & Nagee, Tiffany,, 
Pierce, etc. (T.) 
RESTRAINT OF CATTLE. 
RESTRAINT OF THE STEER STANDING. 
Almost all operations are made with the animal standing. The horns: 
and the hind legs must be guarded against. 
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Fig. 19.—Contention of a fore-limb. (Hess.) 
1. Securing the head. Is it for a simple operation,— examinatiom 
of the eye, or of the mouth, for instance, —an assistant, standing om 
the left side of the animal, holds the left horn with his left hand, 
passes: the right between the horns and takes hold of the muzzle, 
which he ‘squeezes, with the' thumb in one nostril, the index. and 
middle finger in the other. Thus ‘the head can be held firmand raised . 
at will. — 
Another method is that of fixing at the base of the horns. a. stout 
Tope, successively twisted round the chest and the abdomen, and. 
secured to the base of the tail, Thus the animalis prevented from 
lowering its head on account of the pain which it inflicts on itself in. 
attempting to do so. 
When the animal is hard to control, the head must be attached 
