Z 
RESTRAINT OF SMALL ANIMALS. 25 
pulled by an assistant, who, as he passes it along the sacrum to 
the /e/ or the right, forces the animal to lie down to the left or to 
the right (fig. 23). 
Cattle are dangerous, especially bulls; but they are readily controlled 
by nasal pincers or rings. These instruments are common, and 
extensively used. F 
The stick which is used to drive the animal is made in various 
shapes, straight or in the form of an S, as that of 
Roland. The Vigan apparatus is very powerful and 
permits perfect control of the most vicious animals. 
RESTRAINT OF SMALL ANIMALS. 
Sheep are easily held in any position. For castra- 
tion, the sheep is held sitting down onits haunches, 
the abdomen towards the surgeon, between the 
limbs of the assistant, who holds in each hand the 
two legs ofone side. In order to carry the sheep, the 
two legs on both sides are first tied together and then 
secured by two or three turns of rope. 
The gzg is generally taken hold of by one hind leg 
above the hock. When the animal is to be cast, 
another assistant is required, who takes hold of his 
ear.. If the mouth or the throat is to be examined, a 
speculum is necessary, or the mouth must be kept 
open with a stick—the handle of a twitch. 
Opposite traction with ropes on both jaws may 
: ; give the same result—especially if assisted by the 
Fig 26.—Leading ‘ i 
stick. (Roland) Speculum. 
For the dog, in all painful interferences, amuzzle 
or a band wound round the jaws and fastened behind the ears, is 
to be used. Important operations ought to be performed ona table. 
Dangerous dogs and those suspected of madness are held with long 
nippers, the curved jaws of which grasp the neck. 
For castration and other operations performed on cats, the animal 
is held by the assistant, taking it by the skin of the neck in one. 
hand and that of the loins in the other, and keeping it flat on the 
table by gentle pressure. The cat may also be placed in a narrow 
sack, in the leg of a boot, or partially wrapped up in a blanket. 
Besides the wounds of the skin, and the bruises of subcutaneous 
structures, one may observe as accidents which are liable to follow 
castings . muscular, tendinous, or aponeurotic lacerations , lesions of 
large blood vessels and nerves and their consequent paralysis 
Jractures; and luxations. A strict observance of the rules for restraint 
and casting may prevent most of these accidents, but there are some 
