ANAISTHESIA OF THE HORSE. 33 
to produce, violent reactions take place, and powerful expulsive 
efforts may bring on prolapsus rec. In man, some cases have been 
seen complicated with cyanosis, collapse and true asphyxia. 
This treatment is so uncertain in its effects and has such serious 
inconveniences and even dangers, without any real advantage, that 
it has never found favor or been adopted. 
_ Anzesthesia produced from a combination of vapors of ether in the 
rectum, and morphine and chloral, is slow in its effects and not prac- 
tical. 
ANESTHESIA BY CHLOROFORM. 
When one wishes to obtain a rapid and complete anesthesia in a 
horse he must ‘use chloroform. It is not so dangerous for solipeds 
as it is claimed to be. Mller, who employs it exclusively, has 
anesthetized hundreds of horses without a single accident. He has 
produced narcosis in horses with chloroform and made numerous 
experiments, of which he gave an account in the first volume of the 
Monatschifie fir praktische Thierheilkunde. 
In those experiments, Moller has inquired into the practical value 
of the method, the dangers to which those operated upon are ex- 
posed, the time required to produce the narcosis, its duration, and 
the quantity of anzsthetic required. He has studied the influences 
that, from these various points of view, the weight, the breed, and 
the age and sex of animals might have. 
Comparing the results obtained in a list at first of 126 horses (31 
stallions, 38 mares, and 57 geldings), all of which were anesthetized 
until arrest of ocular reflex, he finds that the average quantity of 
chloroform used is 110 grammes for each subject, about 25 grammes 
for every 100 kilogrammes of the weight; that the time required to 
produce narcosis has been in average 20 minutes ; and that its dura- 
tion’ has been also 20 minutes. In colts 1 and 2 years old, anes- 
thesia was obtained in 7 to 8 minutes with 15 to 20 grammes of 
chloroform. It was complete in 7 minutes, using 35 grammes of 
liquid, with one 4-year-old horse, with 3 others in 8, 9, and 10 min- 
utes. With 12 animals it was not complete until after 30 minutes ; 
with 4 it required 35 to 40 minutes. It required 18 minutes on the 
average for stallions, 19 for mares, 22 for geldings.- While 7 horses 
were anesthetized, using 50 grammes, with 18 (5 males, 4 mares, 9 
geldings) it took 150 grammes ; an adult mare required. 240, and a 
thoroughbred stallion received 250. 
In 28 horses which received 50 centigrammes of morphine in hypo- 
dermic injections half an hour before the administration of the chlo- 
roform, anesthesia was obtained, in average figures, after 15 min- 
utes with 95 grammes. For 8 horses, ether and chloroform were 
3 
