34 ‘VETERINARY SURGICAL THERA E GS Bo oh 
mixed together. This mixture required 210 grammes aed half an 
hour to produce sleep. ‘No noticeable difference could be observed 
by using chloroform of various productions. 
Most of the animals which received morphine and chloroform ex- 
hibited manifestations of greater excitement than with chloroform 
alone or mixed with ether. Like Méller, Harms recommends chlo- 
roform for anesthesia of horses; he kept, with 128 grammes, during 
two hours, a large horse in a complete state of muscular resolution. 
While chloroform, well prepared and preserved, and thoroughly 
pure, rapidly produces sleep, if it is impure or loaded with chlorine, 
anesthesia is slower, less complete, and full of starts; and syncope 
is to be feared. To avoid alteration of the chloroform, a small quan- 
tity of ether should be added to it, and it should be depet in blue or 
yellow glass corked. bottles, in a dark place. 
Chloroform is administered, as ether is, with a sponge, a ball of 
oakum, or a compress. A method rapid or powerful in its action is 
dangerous and should be rejected. A slow and easy method, which 
consists in allowing the entrance of a mixture of air and vapor. 
of chloroform, is the only one to be recommended, The assistant 
must pour the anesthetic very slowly, drop by drop (2 or 3 in each 
second). From time to time the nostrils and the pituitary mem- 
brane are wiped off with a cloth or some wadding to prevent the 
irritating effect of the chloroform. With the same object vaseline 
can be applied on the nose. Several authors (Roux, Gresswell, 
Fohringer, Zangger, Hirzel) have recommended the use of special 
apparatus ; but most of it is dangerous, since it prevents the entrance 
of the air. It is not necessary to suspend the inhalations from time 
to time, if the chloroform is poured out drop by drop. 
The period of excitement lasts only a few minutes; in some sub- 
jects itis scarcely observed. Soon the animal goes to sleep, into 
a much deeper one than withether. By repeating the inhalations 
anesthesia can be prolonged for an hour, an hour and a half, or two 
hours, without any dangerous appearances, 
When there is a cessation of the chloroform-giving after it has 
been administered for a long time, temporary arrests in the respira- 
tion may be manifest. Méller has seen them lasting 30, 40 and 45 
seconds. Slapping of the lips and the cheeks with the hand ora 
wet cloth is sufficient to stimulate reflexes and the return of respira- 
tion. Some subjects seem to possess a peculiar sensitiveness to 
chloroform ; with them, the first vapor gives rises to great excitement 
and the erastess of anesthesia is somewat singular. A few fatal 
cases have been recorded, many others have. not been; but, with 
few and very rare exceptions, pure chloroform does fot “kill” 
except when badly administered, or given to animals having cardiac 
or pulmonary affections. At the pos:-mortem examination of a horse’ - - 
