.36 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
ANESTHESIA WITH CHLORAL. 
As an anesthetic for the horse, chloral is used alone, in intravenous 
injections or associated with hypodermic injections of morphine and 
administered in rectal enemas. 
Intravenous Injections.—Investigations of Oré and of Vulpian: 
have shown that a 1—3 or 1—5 solution of chloral injected in the 
venous apparatus, produces a very rapid complete anesthesia. This. 
method, declared dangerous by Colin, which surgeons for mankind. 
(Gosselin, Trélat, Lefort) have immediately condemned, has been 
recommended in France and in Denmark for the horse, on which an: 
intravenous injection is easily made at the jugular. 
This method, studied in 1875 by Humbert, who succeeded in the- 
case of a great number of animals, without an accident, and rec— 
ommended by him in 1884, is excellent for producing a deep- 
narcosis in horses used for experiments or for the practical services. 
of surgery (Nocard). The apparatus of Dieulafoy is used with a. 
filtered solution of 1—10, 1—15 or 1--3, which is injected into the: 
jugular in variable quantities, according to the subject. When fresh, 
the solution is neutral; if it becomes acid, a small quantity of car-- 
“bonate of soda should be added to it. , 
When an intravenous injection is applied for a therapeutic pur- 
pose, it requires a somewhat delicate management. The rules of 
antisepsis—disinfection of the region, asepsis of the trocar or of the 
needle—must be strictly observed. When everything is prepared,. 
an assistant presses the vein at the lower end of the jugular groove, 
the operator stretches the skin towards the head with one of his. 
hands and with the other pushes firmly into the dilated blood-ves- 
sel, a hollow needle, or a fine trocar, held very obliquely downwards. 
‘and backwards. Humbert advises the introducing of the needle by 
‘two steps: he perforates the skin first, dilates the vein, and then runs. 
‘through into it; when the operation is done with the animal stand- 
‘ing he prefers the right jugular to operate upon. The escape of 
‘blood through the canula, after the trocar is withdrawn, indicates. 
that it has penetrated into the vein. An assistant then holds the 
canula in position. The operator at this moment connects the- 
mouth of the canula with an India-rubber tube, fitted to the syringe- 
holding the fluid, andslowly pushes into the vein the quantity which. 
is to be injected. This done, the tube is removed, a little blood. 
escaping washes out the cavity of the canula, which is then retracted. 
suddenly without raising the skin. Colin indicates as an anes— 
thetic dose 20 or 30 grammes of chloral; Arloing, 25 to 50 grammes, 
Nocard, 10 grammes for every 100 kilogrammes of the weight of the- 
animal. Anzesthesia follows almost immediately ; it is more or less 
profound, and varies in duration according to the chloral injected.. 
wg Sate 
