49 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
association of morphine with ether or chloroform has been recom- 
mended. Mller injects first under the skin 5 or 19 centigrammes of 
muriate of morphine, and after a short while, etherizes. Cagny 
administers vapor of ether through rectum. Others use morphine 
and chloroform. 
As in the case of horses, intravenous injection of chloral is 
dangerous. ; 
Morphine in subcutaneous injections and chloral in enemas have 
been used with advantage (Cadeac and Malet, Esser, Guinard). Here 
is the formula of their use : 
Muriate of morphia, 5 milligrammes for each kilogramme, 
Chloral, 1 gramme. 
The objections are the same as for horses,— slow aneesthesia, 
abundant hemorrhage. ; 
Ch. Richet has recommended intraperitoneal injections of chloral 
alone or associated with morphine. Injected into the peritoneum, 
chloral brings, in about 10 minutes, a complete anesthesia. The 
injection is made with a syringe of Pravaz sterilized. The intestines 
escape the needle and the peritoneum supports diluted chloral 
perfectly. 
Muriate of morphine added to chloral produces a longer anzesthesia 
(about an hour), and is said to be without danger of syncope. 
In this method, the doses are: 
Muriate of morphine, 2.5 milligrammes for each kilogramme of the 
animal. 
Chloral, 5 decigrammes. 
Frohner has sometimes used urethane, hypnone and paraldehyde. 
But the most preferable method with this species of animal is that 
of Dastre and Morat.. It consists in using chloroform after an injec- 
tion of apomorphine. With the morphine, the excitement of the 
‘beginning of anzsthesia is suppressed; with the atropine, cardiac 
syncope is prevented by arresting the functions of the cardial moder- . 
ating center, and of the vaso-motor fibres of the pneumogastric 
nerve, ‘‘the centrifugal road of the syncopal reflex.” Here.is the 
method: First the solution of apomorphine is injected under the 
skin : ‘ 
Muriate of morphine...........e cece cece eee e eens 2 decigrammes. 
Sulphate of atropine.........ccceeee cess ee eeeees 2 centigrammes. 
Distilled water vivo cncieisiowis’ sesgaieatinsceadeste veeeae 10 grammes, 
used.in a dose of % cubic centimeter for each kilogramme of the 
weight of the animal. 
When this solution has produced its effect (after 20 or 25 minutes), 
the inhalations of chloroform are begun. Several grammes are 
sufficient to produce a complete anesthetic, which lasts one and twa 
hours. 
