Q2 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
firing, 5 or 6 applications of the points are sufficient. With the 
special buttoned cautery (fig. 45), Lanzilloti Buonsanti scarifies, 
a thin layer of tissue. 
2 Brambilla makes sev- 
eral small incisions 
through the skin and, 
in each of them, applies 
a firing point. 
The care afterwards 
is that required by all 
Fig. 45.—Bead firing irons. (Lanzillotti Buonsanti.) : suppurating surfaces. 
Generally only a linear mark is left after the operation. At times, 
however, there is an irregular callous cicatrix. ‘ (Peuch.) 
CAUTERIZATION OF BOVINES. 
Firing is used less for those animals than for horses. But the good 
results that may be obtained have been made familiar by the writ- 
ings of Cruzel, Roche-Lubin, Festal and Lafosse. 
The technique differs little from that followed for horses. The 
skin, thick and ‘‘rich in serosity,” can longer endure without ac- 
cidents the application of the cautery. But the thickness of the 
dermis is very different according to the region ; it varies in the , 
proportion of one to four. From this point of view, Bouley had 
made a progressive scale of the principal regions upon which opera- 
tions are generally performed: 1st, Degree, Inguinal region ; 
2d, internal face of the hock, canon, and posterior face of: the knee; 
3d, point of the shoulder, and outside of the stifle; 4th, external: 
face of the hocks, fetlock, and coronets; sth, front, back, and 
loins; 6th, hip joint; 7th, anterior face of the knee. 
Lafosse says: ‘‘It is necessary to submit the steer, before the 
operation, to a strict diet of at least 12 hours, and to be sure that his 
Tumination was perfect before his last meal, so as to avoid tympani- 
tis, which even then may take place, although these precautions 
‘have been taken—especially when the firing is to last some time.” 
These precautions are not necessary when the animal is operated 
upon standing up. As a general thing, all that is required is to 
place him in stocks or under the yoke; he isseldom thrown down. 
The hair is cut short upon the region. It is better to use instru- 
ments of which the point or cutting part does not widen out too 
rapidly ; for, as’ the cautery goes deeper, it would generally leave 
large external wounds. 
For superficial lined or dotted firing, the rules followed with horses 
are applicable to cattle, increasing one-third the number of applica- 
tions of the instrument; of course, taking note of the region where 
