156 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
Kekiler has observed a similar case in the case of a colt that had been: 
exposed for three days to severe cold. 
Congelations may be complicated with thrombosis, embolism and’ 
purulent or septic infections. When the animal resists, the region 
becomes covered with fungus ulcers whose cicatrization is slow, and 
often combined with nervous troubles (neuritis, atrophy). 
During periods of severe cold, some precautions should be taken to 
prevent bad effects. The entire coat should be left on the lower regions: 
of the extremities (Weber). It may be necessary to protect the animals: 
with blankets. Proper food and exercise enable them to stand the 
cold well; food gives the combustibles and the muscular contraction 
produces the heat. Where hair is missing, or where there is a 
cicatrix, the skin may be covered with a greasy substance, with glyc- 
erine, vaseline or tar, which reduces the loss of organic heat and 
cutaneous evaporations. During thawing weather, the tissues of the 
lower parts of the legs should be protected from the action of cold mud 
by greasing the skin, the hoof and the claws, being careful, however, if 
the use of such applications is to last long, to clean the skin and its 
hair now and then by washing them with soap and tepid water. 
The treatment of local frost-bites, whatever may be their degree, 
varies but little in its first regulations. The affected regions must be 
rubbed with a dry cloth, with snow or a cold liquid; and afterwards be 
covered with a loose dressing or bathed with tepid lotions. It is im- 
portant not to use warm applications, and not to bring on immediately 
an active reaction ; this would be followed by an intense inflammation 
of the tegument, and sometimes by gangrene. Exposure to the fire is 
especially dangerous; it has often produced the sphacele of tissues 
whose vitality could have been restored by proper treatment. 
In frost-bites of the first degree, when the part is warmed up, 
stimulating lotions of camphorated alcohol or warm wine are good. If 
the skin cracks, glycerine, boricated or iodoformed vaseline is used. 
The wounds found in the second degree are treated with glycerine, 
iodated glycerine, or by slight cauterizations with solutions of nitrate of 
silver 9% Infiltrations of the sub-cutaneous cellular tissue need no 
particular attention. Punctures or incisions of the skin are injurious. 
If the region is much tumefied and the suppuration abundant, irriga- 
tions or antiseptic baths are recommended for this as well as burns. 
When the skin of a leg of a small animal or of a part of one of 
other animals has been frozen, no better treatment exists than a tepid 
water bath at 16° or 18°, the temperature being gradually raised to 
bring it after one or two hours to 38° (Moller). ‘ 
both hind legs from the groin down had sloughed and where muscles, tendons and 
bones were exposed in some animals, the entire abdominal skin sloughed, in others 
sloughing of the feet also occurred. 
