BURNS. 159) 
of zinc or of iron 1 ¢, starch powder and other pulverized remedies. If 
pain is great, especially when a dog is the subject, cocained prepara- 
tions must be used, to prevent its scratching or biting. Starr ointment 
(liq. perchlo. iron, 3 parts; vaseline 24 parts) applied at the start, 
quietens the pain and prevents the formation of phlyctenes. 
In burns of the second degree, the suffering is severe, and the secretion 
of the vesicles gives a painful sensation. This must be allowed to es- 
cape by “pricking ” the epidermis; but this loose epidermic membrane 
must not be destroyed, since it covers the papillary layer, insures the 
cicatrization of the lesion,.and prevents suppuration. It is good after- 
wards to apply to the affected surfaces, antiseptic lotions (solution of 
boric or salicylic acid, 3-4 %; of creolin, 2-3 %; carbolic acid, 2 4@: 
thymic acid, 3%; of the Van Swieten), Ointment of iodoform and 
carbolic acid (iodoform, 5 grammes ; carbolic acid, 10 drops; vaseline, 
30 grammes), and phenicated glycerine (1 in 10-20) spread in thin 
coatings upon the whole surface, can also be recommended. ‘These 
agents are preferable to the salts of lead, metallic sulphates, greasy sub- 
stances, even the old oleo-calcareous liniments, so much recommended 
and used for burns of all kinds and.degrees. Absorbing powders can 
also be utilized with advantage: starch mixed with boric or salicylic 
acid 5 %, oxide of zinc, tannin and iodoform. If pains are acute, one 
should use the solution of nitrate of silver (1 in 200); the antiseptic 
and analgesic preparation of Reclus (vaseline 50 grammes; boric acid 
5; antipyrine 5; iodoform 1); the ointment of vaseline and salol 
(vaseline 50 parts; salol 4); chlorhydrate of cocaine, o gram 25 to 
o gram 30; or lanolin mixed with aristol (aristol 3 ; olive oil 20; lano- 
lin 20). The means for restraining horses from rubbing or biting and 
dogs from licking should not be neglected. 
In cases of burns on the extremities of large animals, continued 
irrigation and antiseptic baths are advantageous. In the case of dogs, 
long immersion of the paw in a tepid solution of carbolic acid, or of 
corrosive sublimate, the dusting of the inflamed surface, and a wadding 
dressing, form a treatment that gives us the best result. Sometimes, on 
large surfaces, the epidermis sloughs off, the skin suppurates, the 
patients undergo severe sufferings, In these cases, the use of anti- 
septics and analgesics is continued; if the burn is on a leg, balneation 
is continued longer, and made oftener; soon the pain diminishes, the 
cutaneous phlegmasia subsides, and the lymphangitis, when it exists, 
soon disappears. 
For burns of the third degree, characterized by a true carboniza- 
tion of the skin, by sphacelated surfaces, or bya gangrenous phlegma- 
sia of the tegument and the subcutaneous tissues, two things are 
necessary : assist the delimitation of the burnt or mortified tissues ; 
prevent accidents or septic complications. It is also by the use of 
