INSOLATION—SUNSTROKE—OVERHEAT. 161 
‘is employed; if it has been made by an alkaline, an acid solution 
(vinegar) is used. Burns from phosphorus are treated with the hydrate 
-of magnesia. 
Cicatrices, which form where losses of substance, resulting from 
‘burns, have occurred, remain painful for a long time; and the situation 
-of the inodular surfaces may bring on a deformation of the region. 
Such lesions on the legs always produce lameness, and the subjects can 
-only be used for such services as do not require regularity of gait. 
III. - 
INSOLATION—SUNSTROKE—OVERHEAT. 
Sunstroke and Overheat are considered by most authors as two distinct 
affections. Swnsfroke is principally a cerebral trouble, produced by 
‘the continued action of the sun’s rays striking directly upon the 
cranium. According to the intensity of the cause, the symptoms are 
‘those of apoplexy, or of acute meningo-encephalitis. On account of 
their double cranian wall, whose tables are far apart, having between 
‘them vast sinuses, where air circulates quite freely, animals are less 
exposed than man. Bourgés, who in High-Senegal, High-Niger, and 
Tonkin, has been with hundreds of mules and Algerian horses, has not 
seen a single case, although a number of soldiers were fatally struck. 
The only accidents from the solar rays he observed among horses was 
circumscribed erythema. On the contrary, Jewsejenko says that he 
saw during the Russo-Turkish campaign, in Bulgaria, numerous cases 
of insolation among the Russian horses. All of a sudden the animal 
would stagger, fall on the ground, and be taken with convulsions, the 
temperature would rise to 43° C., a cold sweat would cover the body, 
and death took place sometimes in half an hour. Ina dog, left for 
‘for several hours exposed in a hot sun, Benjamin observed rabid symp- 
toms, which subsided rapidly by simple cooling applications upon the 
-cranium. Siedamgrotzky had occasion to make the autopsy of a dog 
which, having been exposed to the full sun during a very hot day in 
July, had died suddenly: he found an abundant exudation in the 
meninges, with numerous small hemorrhagic centers in the brain and 
the medulla oblongata. 
Overheating, observed principally during the summer in horses working 
hard at midday, and in cattle and sheep which make long journeys, 
seems to be brought on by the excessive heat of thé whole body. The 
temperature may reach and go above 43°C. The animals affected 
show a great anxiety. The respiration is much accelerated and 
-dyspneeic, the beatings of the heart violent and bouncing; the pulse 
‘weak, and the body is covered with perspiration. If the causes of 
IT 
