ACCIDENTS FROM LIGHTNING. 163. 
were protected with linen caps, there were no more deaths. (Jew- 
sejenko.) 
Curative treatment consists in immediate, and, for a time, contin- 
uous care. The animal should be placed in the shade or a cool place, 
if possible. Bleeding is especially advantageous for the pulmonary 
form. Asphyxia will be prevented by subcutaneous injections of ether 
(10 to 20 grammes for large animals; 1 to 2 for small) ; they should be 
renewed after an hour ; if necessary, artificial respiration should be 
maintained. In the cerebro-spinal congestive form abundant affusions 
of cold water on the head and neck are recommended, with flagella- 
tion and revulsive friction on the legs (spirits of turpentine, mustard). 
To lower the temperature, cold irrigations on the body, friction with 
crushed ice or cold rectal injections are advisable. If an improvement 
is manifested, and all danger seems at end, one should have recourse 
to remedies which will prevent the return of the congestive accidents 
and stimulate the elimination of organic wastes, which are the causes of 
those accidents : injections of caffeine alone or combined with those of 
ether (caffeine 4 grammes; salicylate or benzoate of soda, 8 grammes ; 
distilled water, Q. S. to dissolve and make 20 cubic centimeters ; give 
one gramme of caffeine by injection to large animals, 5 or ro centi- 
grammes to small) ; injection of pilocarpine (20 to 30 centigrammes in. 
the case of large and 2 to 4 in the case of small animals). 
IV. 
ACCIDENTS FROM LIGHTNING. 
Accidents from lightning occur to all species of domestic animals, 
but more commonly to large, especially those that live in pastures. 
According to the intensity of the action of lightning, whether it acts di- 
rectly or by reflex shock, its effects vary. Sometimes animals are killed 
on the spot—some keep the position they had when struck; others are 
thrown on the ground and remain there senseless. There are some 
which rise almost immediately, exhibiting afterwards only signs of 
stupefaction, which pass off little by little (Roloff) ; we have seen a 
dog thrown on the ground by a shock get up after a few minutes and 
return to his normal state. It showed signs of weakness and of fright, 
but they gradually disappeared. With others, the loss of the senses 
may last several hours; and often serious troubles remain (exaltation 
of sensibility, a stumbling walk, paresis, paralysis, hemiplegy, para- 
plegy). Blindness is frequent. (Jarmer, Fischer, Ziegenbein.) In 
numerous cases, where animals have been fatally struck, a flow of blood 
from the mouth and nostrils has been seen. 
Some animals struck by lightning present no external lesion (Roloff, 
Hering, Boellmann) ; but, ordinarily, the surface of the body shows 
