216 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
tuberculosis with lesions extending over a greater part of the viscera, with- 
out meeting a single case of true generalized neoplasm carcinoma or 
sarcoma). The same remarks apply to the horse; numerous cases of 
“sarcoma,” and of “cancer,” belong, in reality, to the group of bacillar 
lesions. 
Most of the authors who have written upon the relative frequency of the 
various varieties of tumors declare sarcoma to be more common than 
carcinoma, The statistics of Semmer (1888), made from 57 malignant 
growths collected by him about various animals, counts 32 sarcomas 
against 25 carcinomas. Our researches, made more particularly among 
dogs and horses, have given results somewhat different from those of 
Semmer. “Out of 44 malignant tumors—38 from the dog, 5 from 
the horse, and 1 from the cat—we have found 32 epitheliomas and 12 
sarcomas” (Cadiot, Gilbert and Roger). In dogs especially, epithelial 
tumors are the most frequent. Fréhner found out of 643 cases of tumors 
removed at his clinics, 262 carcinomas and only 44 sarcomas. We may 
add that, although in all species generalized sarcomatosis seems more 
common than carcinomatosis, it is evident that the difference is not so 
great as was believed up to the present time: that which has especially 
created and propagated this error is still the confusion established be- 
tween tuberculosis and generalized sarcomatosis. We must, however, 
make exception for the melanosis of horses, which is very generally of a 
sarcomatous nature (Cornil and Trasbot). 
Considered from a clinical point of view, tumors must be divided 
into benign and malignant, and into solitary, multiple and infectious. 
By denign tumors is understood those that remain circumscribed and do 
not grow worse or return only by exception after they have been re- 
moved. Malignant tumors have a more rapid development, a marked 
tendency to spread, and give rise to secondary growths in their neighbor- 
hood or at some distance from them. Most commonly they grow worse. 
A tumor is soditary when it is alone and benign. The neoplasms are 
called muli#ple that develop in a larger or smaller number in the same 
organ or the same systems of tissue. Jnfectious tumors, the most malig- 
nant of all, are soon accompanied by secondary neoplasms in their near 
neighborhood, in lymphatics, surrounding glands, or in the viscera: they 
become generalized through the lymphatic or venous channels, by a 
mechanism still undiscovered (infection or embolies). The neoplasms 
of this last group, which belong to various histological types, present 
great differences in their evolution and their tendency to generalization. 
Some, while spreading over the region where they first develop, remain 
in it some time confined, without any effect upon the surrounding 
glands ; infection, when it occurs, taking place ordinarily by the venous 
