aad 
348 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
hemorrhage that death occurs before any repairing work can be started. 
In arteries of medium size, deeply situated and communicating externally 
by only a narrow orifice, hemostasis may take place naturally. In such 
cases, both extremities of the divided artery retract in their cavity as. 
would the ends of a stretched elastic tube, when divided; the open 
mouths of the vessel shrink, the blood infiltrates in the sheath and the: 
surrounding tissues; an external clot is formed first, then coagulation 
spreads to the interior of the arterial ends and givesrise to an internal clot, 
more or less elongated, generally extending to the first collateral. To- 
insure complete hemostasis, this clot must organize. From the arterial 
wall and the edges of the wound, true vegetating endarteritis is started, 
whose granulations penetrate the structure of the clot and transform it. 
into a fibrous tissue which in time retracts: to such an extent that after a 
certain time the divided extremities represent only fibrous cords, united 
together by a tractus of similar natyre. All danger of hemorrhage is re- 
moved as soon as the clot is sufficiently organized ; but at the beginning, 
when it is still fibrinous, an external violence, a strong rush of bloody 
current, a somewhat active inflammation of the coats of the vessel, are 
sufficient to bring on a new hemorrhage, whose serious nature will be- 
proportional to the importance of the vessel. 
Spontaneous hemostasis takes place so much more rapidly that the 
animal’s blood is “more plastic.” In relation to this, dogs occupy the 
first place; then come cattle, sheep, and, far behind, the horse. In 
dogs, the transverse section of the carotid is not always fatal. 
Surgical practice shows that “hemorrhages due to transverse sections of 
large muscular arteries, as in those of the neck, of the withers, chest and 
croup in horses, either stop spontaneously or are easily controlled by 
hemostatic means of secondary powerful influence.” (Bouley.) 
Fig. 85. Fig. 86. Fig. 87. 
Wounds of the Arteries. 
Incomplete sections are transverse, obligue or longitudinal. In almost: 
all, spontaneous hemostasis is possible. If the wound, “ansverse or 
oblique, is narrow, the phenomena are similar to those of punctures. An. 
