3350 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
“~pressure or the tourniquet. Permanent hemostasis is obtained by sntleepuic 
’ plugging, torsion, ligature or forcipressure. si 
Compression in the wound demands ‘minute asepsy. In legs, the 
‘-wound, made bloodless by the use of the tourniquet or ligature en masse 
“of the region, should be plugged with iodoformed gauze or antiseptic 
~wadding. A wadding dressing will complete the operation. After five, 
- six or eight days, under the gauze, softened with tepid water and removed 
~ with care, will be found a dry, granulating surface; the after cares are 
‘the simplest. 
With forceps for forcipressure, it is generally easy to secure the ends of 
“the divided vessel. If ligature appears difficult, if the instrument is well 
aseptic, it can be left in the wound and enveloped in the dressing. It is 
removed after forty-eight hours. 
Torsion, defended .of late by Tillaux, deserves to be used for small 
=arteries. With the forceps, the arterial stumps are twisted; the internal 
-and middle coats shrink, the remaining external covers the extremities and 
:xstops the blood. (Figs. 88 and 89.) 
é Ligature is the most certain of all means. 
; Large vessels must be tied at both ends. With 
a complete section, the extremities are retracted 
in the interior of the tissues; one must not 
hesitate in. cutting those to expose them. As 
ligature, catgut or silk is used; the essential is 
that it should be aseptic. Catgut is resorbed, 
silk incysts, and the tissues tolerate it without 
reaction. Ordinarily, the ligature of the central 
end is not sufficient; even when the peripheral 
end seems to be bloodless, it must be looked 
for and secured, as the small clot that obliterates 
it would not resist collateral circulation ; sec- 
ondary hemorrhage might occur. 
The effects of ligature of arteries are known: 
Fig. 88. Fig. 89. the internal and middle coats break and retract ; 
Torsion of the arteries. the blood coagulates in variable extent in both 
(Tillaux. ) stumps; after a few days the strangulated ex- 
“ternal coat gives way. The endarteritis promotes an active cellular neo- 
‘formation, filled with capillaries starting from the walls of the’ vessel; the 
organization of the clot brings a lasting hemostasis. 
To supply the circulation of the ischemied surrounding, eplistersl blood 
~-vessels develop and prevent gangrene of the tissues formerly irrigated by 
‘the now obliterated blood-vessel. 
With simple arterial puncture, one may often dispense with the ligature ; 
