RUPTURES. 35 Ec 
pressure is sufficient. When a large bloody tumor is formed, pressure of= 
the vessel toward the central end has been recommended: it can be used:. 
for some arteries. If, however, the enlargement continues so as to en.’ 
danger the conservation of the tegument, it is better to cut freely and. 
ligate the two divided ends of the vessel. Puncture of the carotid in the:- 
horse has fora long time been considered a serious accident. But the - 
observations related by Favre, Bareyre, Delafond, Rainard, Cabaroc, Rey, 
Mangin, Dayot, Prangé, Roux, have shown that generally the hemorrhage - 
can be controlled by the application of one or two pins on the wound of” 
phlebotomy, in taking hold of a sufficient quantity of skin and making on the - 
surface of the tumor a permanent pressure, with the aid of pads. of oakum. 
soaked in cold water and held in place by splints and bandages. The - 
blood filtrates more or less abundantly in the jugular groove; a diffuse 
aneurismal hematoma is formed, which disappears ordinarily in eight . 
days ; sometimes this is enormous, and then pressing upon the trachea 
brings on death by asphyxia (Rainard, Loucou). In the observation of 
Van Autgarden, the roaring was such that the author had to perform, 
tracheotomy. These are exceptional cases. Ordinarily the resolution of - 
the tumor goes on little by little, the arterial wound cicatrizes, the current 
of blood is preserved; a secondary aneurism seldom follows. Noquet has - 
observed a case of this kind in a cow where the saphena artery had been. 
pticked during bleeding at the vein; hemorrhage had stopped after the 
closing of the wound with two pins; there was a thrombus as big as an 
egg. A month later, the tumor had the same dimensions; it was punc- 
tured, an abundant quantity of blood escaped; a new suture was applied, . 
the pins sloughed out, which was followed by a mortal hemorrhage. 
Ligature of the carotid has been recommended by Montier, Segretain | 
and others. Quite delicate, it is not without danger of complications. 
One must not resort to it unless the hemorrhage is very abundant or if.’ 
the extravasation, voluminous, interferes seriously with respiration.’ 
II. 
RUPTURES. 
Ruptures or subcutaneous tearings of arteries have for ordinary causes: 
traumatisms, comminuted fractures, luxation, muscular efforts, vomiting,. 
the action of veratrine (Hering), and certain manipulations of the surgeon. 
1J.E. Brown has related the case of a three months colt which was horned by 2... 
Jersey bull and which had received a lacerated, contused wound with division of the- 
carotid artery, jugular vein and pneumogastric nerve. Ten inches of the artery was . 
left hanging to the wound, with ten or twelve inches of the nerve and five of the:: 
vein. Theartery was ligated, the protruding ends of the artery and nerve were cut off__ 
Recovery was perfect.—American Vet. Review, vol. xv., page 279. 
