364 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
suppurates and is at times complicated by inflammation of the venous 
walls. fi 
Thrombus are avoided on some veins by methodical performance of the 
bleeding and taking all the necessary precaution it demands; such as. 
an instrument whose length of blade is proportional to the caliber of the 
vessel, application of the pin and of the ligature without pulling of the 
skin, proper care after the operation. 
Once the thrombus is formed, one must resort to antiphlogistics and 
astringents: cooling applications, alum water, white lotions, douches in 
spray. At the onset pressure and irritants are injurious. Their indication. 
is limited to cases where the bloody tumor remains; then, the complica- 
tions of suppuration and phlebitis are not to be feared. 
If suppuration arises, the ligature must be removed, the wound enlarged. 
to allow the escape of pus and repeated antiseptic washes made. Deep. 
exploration of the suppurative center with the probe must be avoided, 
as it may give rise to phlebitis. 
In bovines, thrombus is observed on the jugular, saphena and abdom- 
inal subcutaneous. On this last it is mostly found; it is ordinarily 
enormous and disappears more slowly than at the jugular. The treatment. 
is the same as that of solipeds. 
Til. 
PHLEBITIS AND THROMBOSIS. 
The relations which exist between phlebitis and thrombosis, between. 
inflammation of the veins and the coagulation of the blood, have given. 
tise to different opinions, and promoted numerous experimental researches. 
The question as to which of these two processes was essential and primi-. 
tive has been the subject of many discussions. 
During the first half of this century, the theory of primitive ‘phlebitis, 
as expressed by Hunter, was universally accepted. It was in 1856, that 
Virchow advanced that of the primitive venous thrombosis. For him, 
the coagulation of the blood in the vein is not a secondary alteration, 
consecutive to the inflammation of the walls of the vessel; this throm- 
bosis is the essential and primitive phenomena of a process which ends in. 
phlebitis. Thrombosis is the starting point of adhesive phlebitis ; it is also: 
the first act of suppuration ; which “isa pathologic phenomena commenc- 
ing by a coagulation and ending in softening of the thrombus; the alter- 
ations of the venous coats are secondary.’’ Some anatomo-pathologists, 
Cornil and Ranvier among them, have continued to teach the existence 
of the primitive endophlebitis, but it must be said that the German opinion. 
as that which prevails to-day. 
