398 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
.demne); it is abolished in spinal paralysis with disorganization of the 
medullary segment corresponding to the paralyzed muscles, and in trau; 
matic peripheric paralysis, a /rigore or toxic (reaction of degeneration,) 
“The lasting’ abolition of electric contractility of paralyzed muscles is an 
indication for bad prognosis. It coincides with the loss of the reflexes 
.and is soon accompanied with the atrophy of the affected muscles. 
Let us resume the principal characters of paralysis with cerebral origin, 
-of those with medudlary origin, and of those with peripheric nervous 
origin. 
In general, in cerebral paralysis, there is hemiplegia of the opposite side 
of the lesion, and the cranial symptoms allow us to differentiate the cerebral 
from the spinal hemiplegia. Ordinarily the sensibility is preserved ; when 
‘there is anesthesia, it is hemiplegic and is situated on the same side as the 
motrice paralysis. Bilateral alterations of the brain and those of the 
mesocephalon may produce paraplegia. Lesions of the cortical layer of the 
brain give rise to various paralysis; motrice fibres having their origin in 
the gray substance of the cerebral cortical portion and the psychomotors 
being independent, autonomous, if the cortical lesions are circumscribed 
they only give rise to monoplegia or local paralysis. But, here again, the 
-encepnauc symptoms often allow a positive diagnosis. Some paralysis of 
encephalic origin are a//ernate; the face is paralyzed on the side of the 
lesion; the legs on the opposite side—a peculiarity due to the bulbar de- 
_cussation of the pyramidal fasciculi, which transmit the will of the motrice 
‘ regions of the brain to the different sections of the spinal cord. An 
encephalic morbid center which is, for cranian nerves, a peripheric lesion 
and involves the pyramids above their decussation, promotes a crossed 
paralysis or alternate hemiplegia. The typical paralysis of the annular 
protuberance is the alternate hemiplegia; that of the bulb, the labio- 
glosso-pharyngeal paralysis. 
Faralysis: of medullary origin are almost always ordinary paraplegia, . . 
limited to the posterior legs; sometimes the anterior are also affected 
(cervical paraplegia). Inthe cord, the ways of conduction being very near 
-each other, lesions, even small, produce easily those bilateral paralysis ; but 
very limited alterations may give rise to hemiplegia or monoplegia, then 
the suppression of the motility is always direct. The troubles of sensibil- 
-ity are various ; in general, anesthesia is paraplegic ; if it is hemiplegic, it- 
is situated on the opposite side to the lesion: at times anesthesia is only 
in spots. When the cord is destroyed in all its thickness, reflexes which 
have their center below the region are exaggerated. Muscular atrophy is 
frequent. Some characters permit also to recognize the localization of 
the lesion upon the cords or upon the gray substance. The alterations of 
‘this last give rise to paraplegia, all reflexes corresponding to the diseased 
