Poms 
PARALYSIS. 405 
observed by Fries, it became complicated after some time with: paralysis 
of the opposite hind leg. 
The diagnosis is not difficult. In a certain number of cases, paralysis 
is incomplete or partial: at rest, the standing is normal, sometimes there 
ate twitchings of the olecranon muscles; in walking, the leg is carried 
forward with the joints semi-flexed, the foot drags on the ground. In 
very slight cases, the trouble is manifested only by slightly marked symp- 
toms; but in quick gait, the legs flex to excess and the animal may fall. 
When paralysis is complete, the standing of the leg and the lameness are 
characteristic : at rest, the shoulder is depressed, the scapulo-humeral angle 
‘wide open; the olecranon muscles are relaxed, their mass less prominent ; 
the elbow and knee joints are flexed; the extensors of the phalanges are 
paralyzed ; the flexed fetlock is carried forward; the toe of the foot is 
sometimes on a level with that of the other leg, or again in front or back 
of the plumb line. The standing takes place on the toe or ‘the anterior 
face of the foot and digital regions. Walking is very difficult; the leg is 
more dragged than carried forward; in the slightest standing, all joints 
are flexed. In a horse observed by Tondeur, the nerve having been 
‘bruised very low, where it leaves the groove of torsion of the humerus, the 
‘extensors of the forearm were not paralyzed, but the anterior extensor of the 
metacarpus and those of the phalanges functioned poorly and when walk- 
ing was hurried the fetlock struck the ground. Changes in the sensibility 
are far from being proportional to the degree of the paralysis; even when 
this is complete, sensibility may remain well marked. 
The prognosis varies with the cause of the paralysis and the intensity of 
the symptoms. In few cases, the affection is very serious. Goubaux 
‘records the observation of a subject which had to be destroyed the eighth 
day. We have seen a similar case: the paralysis was due to securing in 
crossed position ; the animal was placed in slings, and kept there for a 
week; he had to be removed from them, when he dropped and died six 
-days after. 
These are exceptional cases. With this akinesia, whose symptoms 
‘are sometimes so alarming, rapid recovery is the rule. Twenty horses 
treated by Miller all made a recovery. Often improvement is manifested 
_after one, two or three weeks; sometimes the.symptoms remain in the 
‘same condition for several weeks and then disappear in a few days. Like 
Lustig and Moller, we have seen radial paralysis which did not disappear 
except after a long treatment. Mller mentions a case where recovery 
did not occur for nine months. To give up treatment too soon, because 
the symptoms persist at the same degree for several weeks, is a fault which 
‘one will not commit if the habitual march of the disease is known. On 
the horse shown in fig. 94 the paralytic troubles lasted for a month. before 
