«4.28 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
hematoma, which on feeling gives a pulsating sensation. If collateral cir- 
culation is not formed, gangrene by ischemia is possible. Against this. 
hematoma, wadded pressure of the fractured region or ligature at both ends. 
after free incision of the tissues, are recommended. Fever is néver en- 
tirely absent, but has little importance as long as the animal remains gay 
and eating. If the temperature marks or goes beyond 40°, the trauma 
must be carefully watched. Purgatives and diuretics are sufficient to 
overcome a slight fever. Zhrombosis, embolies, emphysema, superficial 
wounds, diffuse acute inflammaton of the region are again possible com- 
plications of fractures. Gangrene has always aserious prognosis. It may 
follow a severe contusion, arterial lesions, severe inflammation, excessive 
compression. Superficial sloughs should be treated by antiseptics, fenes- 
trated bandages or frequently changed dressing. In dogs, gangrene of 
all the lower part of the leg demands amputation. 
Under the influence of local or general causes, many of which are yet 
badly understood, the callus may take long to form; the started ossifi- 
cation stops, it seems as if the patient was unable to make bone. To 
those animals, strong food and exercise should be given, the diseased 
regions massaged and douched ; if phosphate of lime and phosphorus are 
not ‘infallible bone making agents,’”’ they possess as much properties as. 
tonics do, and are not without being advantageous. Springer, by his 
remarks, has revealed the osteogenous properties of cereals; these 
should be utilized. At times, callus is not formed between the ends of the 
bone; these are simply united by fibrous tissue, or again the two surfaces: 
become covered with cartilage, surrounded with pseudo-synovial, and a true: 
arthrodia is formed. It was said that this was due to the want of 
ceaptation and insufficient immobilization; but the condition of the 
patient and some diathesis play a great part in their development. In 
man, the researches of Cooper, Dupuytren and Tillaux have shown that 
there is almost always the interposition, between the ends of the bone, of 
muscular, tendinous or aponeurotic fragment. When the pseudo-arthrosis. 
is finally constituted, in our patients, no further treatment is necessary, 
but in small animals, interference may be called for. First it was tried 
to irritate the two bony fragments: 1, by rubbing them against each 
other; 2, by cauterizing the inter-fragmentary fibrous tissue or scarifying 
it subcutaneously; 3, by passing setons through the false articu- 
lation; 4, by injecting irritating substances in the fractured center. 
Dammann has cured two pseudo-arthrosis of the metacarpals, in the horse, 
by two injections, three days apart, of 6 grammes of a mixture of equal 
parts of lactic acid and distilled water. These methods are to-day 
abandoned. 
- Some successes have been obtained by inter-fragmentary galvano-punc- 
