490 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
extremity of the radius, became as big as two fists, the leg swollen to the 
shoulder, the animal walked on three legs, dragging the other flexed. 
Notwithstanding amputation, the animal died. 
Most authors deny the existence of epithelial or primitive carcinoma- 
tous tumors of bones; these neoplasms starting on a point where epithelial 
tissue exists, the bone is invaded only secondarily. In horses, on the 
bones of the face, epitheliomas are quite frequently seen which have for 
starting point vestiges of the epithelial dental structures inclosed in the 
superior maxillary. We will return later on to those senebrating epithe- 
liomas. Myeloplax sarcomas are met as primitive tumors of bones, as 
shown by Megnin, Trasbot and our own observations. Developed on one 
bone of the leg, sarcoma deforms the region and gives rise to lameness. 
Sometimes the bony lever, unable to support the weight of the body, 
breaks under it. The only treatment likely to offer some chance of suc- 
cess is complete ablation of the tumor and amputation. When a tumor 
is developed on a claw of dogs or cats, disarticulation at the metacarpo- 
phalangeal joint may be followed by recovery; but most ordinarily the 
metacarpal has also to be removed. Trasbot treated a greyhound in this 
manner successfully. 
Various tumors have been found in birds. Von Bibra has related the 
case of an exotic bird which had an enchondroma of the stinsum; and 
Laborde one of osteofibroma in the claw of a chicken (Larcher). We 
have ourselves found osteo-sarcoma in chicken and pigeon. 
XI. ' 
HYDATIDS. 
Only a very small number of observations have been published of echi- 
nococci of bones in domestic animals: two in horses and seven in cattle 
(Neumann). In the case of Colin, observed in horse, ‘‘ the hydatids formed 
in the sub lumbar region an enormous tumor which had invaded the 
muscles of that region ; it returned after two partial removals, one extended 
on the ilium ; echinococci were found in the diploea of the bones.” 
The therapeutics of these cases is poorly established. If the diagnosis: 
was made and interference possible, the cystic cavity ought to freely opened 
and curetted. The vesicles are disseminated in the spongy tissue: it is 
very difficult to remove them all, and one overlooked is sufficient for a 
relapse. Scraping of the bone ought to be done as deep as the healthy 
‘tissue ; here, the best surgery is that which goes beyond the seat of the 
disease. The wound afterwards should be disinfected and covered with 
‘an antiseptic dressing. 
