--494 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
“ten or fifteen days we use douches or massage. If lameness. is slow to 
-disappear, if some induration remains, periostosis or hydarthrosis, we - 
-Tesort to firing. 
SPRAINS OF LEGs. 
I—Sprain of the Scapulo-humeral—Effort of the Shoulders. 
_ For most of the practitioners and veterinarians of the first third of, 
~this century, sprains of the shoulder (entrouvertures) represented the, 
_greatest number of lameness of the anterior leg. In the Compte rendu 
des travaux de [Ecole de Lyon for the year 1841-42, Rey mentions 
-about one hundred and fifteen lamenesses of .the shoulder ; but in this 
number certainly were included lameness due to lesions of other parts of 
the fore leg. Since the difficulty of the diagnosis of some recent osteitis . 
is better known, specially since the frequency of the lesions. of the 
navicular apparatus has been demonstrated, the number of sprains of 
~the shoulder has considerably diminished. At the Alfort clinics, 
‘where cases of lameness are so abundant, we only see rare examples of it. 
How many old lamenesses with emaciation of the leg, and sometimes 
accompanied with a motion of abduction, accused of being located in 
‘the shoulder, have been relieved by neurotomy, proving they were not. 
. situated in the shoulder. 
Let us remember that Lafosse had justly insisted upon the rare presence 
- of sprain of the shoulder’ and the frequency offoct lameness: ‘“ Many 
. stories have been made upon sprains’. . . often itis said that the horse 
thas a sprain, while the trouble is in the foot or on the lower articulations 
- of the leg . . . For one horse lame in the shoulder, there are hundreds 
‘Jame in the foot.’’? 
However, the existence of those sprains is not doubtful in horses and 
cattle. Necroscopical lesions have demonstrated their lesions. Varying 
much in their nature and seriousness, they may involve the joint or the: 
“tissues surrounding. Muscles and tendons, playing the part of ligaments, 
which partly rupture under the influence of the traction they receive, are 
‘the most common, The researches of Gaullet have proved the existence. 
--of the lesions of the pectoral muscles and of those of the internal face 
-of the scapula. Peuch found in the sterno-trochineus and sterno-apon-. 
-euroticus tears with clots of blood on the road to regression. Rigot. 
has often seen the partial rupture of the sub-scapularis. With the 
-periarticular lesions, sometimes thase of acute or chronic forms of 
arthritis also exist (Rigot and Renault).. Sprain then is not characterized 
‘by univocal lesions: the lameness may be due to alterations of the. 
1 Lafosse—Cours d’ Hippiatrigue 1772 p. 248. 
