SPRAINS, 497 
then the animal, covered with double blanket and the neck well wrapped 
up, was exercised in circle, the lame leg outside, until the skin was cov- 
ered with perspiration. Taken to the stable, thick compresses, wet with 
cold water, and changed every two hours, were laid on the shoulder ; 
. the last compress was placed in the evening and left on until the next 
morning, when it was taken off with the blankets. The next day the 
subject was walked for half an hour. Sometimes recovery was complete 
after two or three weeks. Hertwig and Delwait have tried this treat- 
ment with success. Nevertheless it is used but little. Cauterization, 
setons, irritating subcutaneous injections, completed by massage and 
a moderate exercise, are the classic treatments of old ‘sprains of the 
shoulder. 
L1—Sprains of the Knee, 
This is rare; yet falls, slips, efforts, may produce it. Lameness, 
swelling, sensibility on pressure are sufficient for a diagnosis. Treat- 
ment is the same as in sprain of the fetlock. At first continued irriga- 
tion, plaster all round the joint, will relieve the inflammation; after 
two weeks, massage and promenade exercise. Chronic sprain shall be 
treated by lines or pointed firing. 
LTf.— Sprains of the Coxo-Femoral—Alionge. 
For a long time all obscure lamenesses of the hind leg were considered 
as located in the hip joint; but clinical observations and anatomical re- 
searches have shown the frequency of the lesions of the hock and the 
rarity of those of the hip. Examples of dry arthritis and of hydarthrosis 
of this joint have been related; but the true coxo-femoral sprain is 
one of the rarest affections. How many times has the error been made 
of locating a lameness in the hip which was later on manifested by the 
appearance ofa large spavin! The axiom of Bouley is always true: 
«Out of one hundred cases of lameness of the hind leg, there are certainly 
ninety which come from the hock.” And in doubtful cases, when all de- 
formity or increase of sensibility are wanting, when the diagnosis is 
uncertain, the surest way is to watch closely the hock and the foot. 
Although exceptional, sprain of the hip joint exists. Its therapeutics 
does not differ from that of shoulder injuries. Immobilization with hob- 
bles is good; placed on the pasterns or the cannon, they keep the leg 
from being carried forward and outward; they help recovery very much 
(Delorme). The animal will not be allowed to lie down, by being tied 
up to the rack or placed in slings. After two or: three weeks short 
walks will be given. Inritants may be associated with immobilization; 
