498 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS, 
frictions are made on the thigh with camphorated alcohol, warm vinegar, - 
spirits of turpentine, ammonia, etc., and renewed until the skin is get- 
ting covered with little scabs. The charge of Lebas, various liniment$, 
mercurial blisters, have a more powerful effect. 
Tape seton has been used, applied vertically on a level with the joint, 
with a length of 40 centimeters; some practitioners applied two or three, 
arranged in parallels. Rowell seton is around piece of leather, which is. 
introduced under the skin over the diseased joint. Trochiscus (sulphate 
of copper, arsenic, sublimate) have been recommended ; the introduction 
of 2 gramms of sublimate under the skin is highly spoken of. Arsen- 
ious acid gives a much larger slough than the sublimate. In our days. 
lines and deep pointed firing are principally used. Subcutaneous cau- 
terization seems to have a more powerful action (de Nanzio, Lanzillotti- 
Buonsanti). The treatment of Luchow has been applied to sprains of 
the hip. ; : 
The subcutaneous injections of spirits of turpentine, or saturated. 
solution of common salt, recommended by some, are inferior to firing. 
LV.— Sprains of the Stile. 
x 
Sprains of the stifle and lacerations of the patellar ligaments are the se- 
quelz of either an external violence or of a powerful and sudden muscular 
contraction or of an excessive motion. The simple distention and par- 
tial rupture of these ligaments receive the treatment of ordinary sprains. 
On a horse treated by Moller, the external ligament had been ruptured by 
the shaft of a wagon; on another the same accident occurred in the stable 
at the time the animal got up. In both cases the lameness was very 
severe, the lame leg scarcely resting on the ground. The stifle region 
_ was very painful. Recovery was obtained in a month. The treatment 
consists principally in rest and blisters. In bovines, the ointment of 
bichromate of potasse is recommended. 
Voigtlander has seen a cow in which the three patellar ligaments were 
ruptured. The treatment of such lesions is not undertaken in large 
animals, For those of small species, the joint should be immobilized 
by immovable dressing. 
Vi— Sprain of the Hock, 
This is quitecommon. Although the tibio-astragalian ginglymus per- 
mits only motion of flexion and extension, under the influence of vio- 
lent efforts, a slip or a jump, the lateral or the posterior ligaments of the: 
tibio-tarsal articulation may be distended, strained, and sometimes the: 
surfaces of insertion are subsequently inflamed. Often the tarsal sprain. 
