' SPRAINS. E 513 
Reduction must be done with the animal cast and anesthised. Coun- 
ter-extension is made with a rope, embracing the groin and with its 
‘ends attached to a fixed point. One or two ropes, placed above 
‘the hock and held by assistants, serve for the extension. The block 
and pulley permit more regular and steady pulling than assistants. The 
operation is difficult, and not without danger. A cow treated by 
Gamgee sustained a fracture of the neck of the femur. 
The manipulations vary according to the direction of the deviation. 
To this effect, one must recognize luxations in those that are forward, 
backwards, outward and inwards. Extension will be made in order to 
carry the leg in a direction favoring the return of the femoral head. 
The following are the methods used by the various authors who have 
written on the subject. 
In the case of Saussol and Ranson the luxation had taken place 
inwards. The horse was thrown on the opposite side, extension and 
counter-extension applied in the usuai mannér. Under the thigh 
a pail covered with straw was placed and pressure applied on the 
external and inferior part of the leg, so as to make a lever of the 
first kind. After a minute of traction, “ presuming that the articular 
surfaces were in apposition, extension and counter-extension were sud-- 
denly stopped, a sudden movement of the leg took place from back-- 
wards upwards (in relation to the position of the animal from for- 
ward backward), accompanied by a noise analogous to that of two stones 
striking together. The luxation was reduced, and the animal able to exe~ 
cute the ordinary motions of that extremity.” In similar cases Lafosse 
advises to place a thick round object between both thighs and to push 
against the lower extremity of the dislocated leg. For a luxation out- 
wards, the same author recommends to throw the animal on the lame 
leg, to place a block near the trochanter, and to act on the lower 
extremity of the leg. By this process “he has operated successfully 
on two horses, a cow and several dogs.” 
To reduce a luxation inwards of the left leg, Vautherin threw the mare 
on the right side. A rope fixed in the coronet and pulled upon by 
three men made the. extension, the weight of the animal the counter- 
extension. “By carrying with force, the superior part of the leg from 
inwards outwards, the head of the femur could be brought in apposition 
with the cotyloid cavity, but a little back of it; then by a strong and 
sudden pressure of both knees made by an assistant upon the projecting 
trochanter, at a second attempt, the head of the femur re-entered its 
cavity, with the peculiar noise made by the striking of two articular sur~ 
faces.” ' 
1 Saussol and Ranson: Rec. de Med. Vet., 1829, p. 223. 
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