' INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS, 547 
‘former times. Produced by the specific bacillus, its severity depends 
altogether upon the affection to which it belongs. Pneumonia, Peri- 
Pneumonia, variola, are sometimes accompanied with arthritis, which 
may assume rheumatismal character and end in suppuration. Purulent 
infection frequently g gives rise to multiple arthritis with rapid development. 
The bacteriological study of the pus of the diseased joints reveals the 
presence of the staphylococci or the streptococci. Distemper may be ac- 
companied with arthropathies. Megnin has seen one case in which 
recovery was raidly obtained by blisterings and administration of arsenic 
internally. However, rheumatismal arthritis is rare; the streptococcus 
of Schiitz is essentially pyogenous; suppuration is the ordinary ter- 
mination of its articular localizations, 
Tuberculous arthritis has been observed in cattle, pigs, cats and birds. 
If articular tuberculosis can be primitive, exist in the absence of any 
visceral lesion, most ordinarily it is secondary and represents a single 
accident of the bacillosis. The experiments of Max Schiiller, repeated 
several times, have shown that it is easy to produce it in bruising a 
joint in infected subjects. Most of tuberculous arthritis of animals are 
without doubt occasioned by accidental traumas; the contusion trans- 
forms the injured region into a spot of less resistance, opening at the 
same time the blood-vessels, which pour out their bacilli. The alterae 
tions may begin in the synovial, but most ordinarily the epiphysis are 
affected first; a center of caries is developed and also fungositus which in- 
oculate the synovial ; later, lesions are found in all the tissues of the joint. 
According to their characters, tuberculous arthritis have been divided into 
various forms—-arthritis with hydarthrosis, with riziform granulations, 
cold abscess, fungoid arthritis—forms which have been as yet but little 
studied in our animals. According to the virulence of the bacillus and 
the resistance of the tissue, the lesions are acute, sub-acute or chronic. 
Articular tuberculosis is not very rare in bovines (Guillebeau and Hess, 
Moller, Noack, Lucet). Under the name of rheumatismal arthritis 
(Goux), goutte (Pradal), fungoid arthritis (Requier), have been described 
in swine arthropathies, whose nature has not yet been determined. 
If some among them seem to be related to rachitism or rheumatism there 
are others which seem of tuberculous nature (Violet). Bergstrand has 
related a case of bacillar arthritis of the metatarso-phalangeal joints ina 
pig. Tuberculous arthritis is very rare in dogs. Nocard has seen it 
once in a cat. In domestic gallinaceans and birds that are kept in cap- 
tivity, they are relatively frequent. Larcher has given a very good 
description of their clinical manifestations. When they are in the way 
of development, the inferior extremities are taken with spasmodic move- 
ments; the birds have difficulty to stand on their legs, the walk is 
