548 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
staggering, lame; many stand immobile, as if paralyzed. If one of ihe 
superior legs is affected, the animal has difficulty to fly or perhaps is 
unable to. The joints are the seat of partial tumefactions, first soft, 
later indurated and without tendency to diminish. Sometimes the 
various layers which compose them dry off and successively exfoliate; at 
others they ulcerate; the wounds resulting from this ulceration are fis- 
tulous, with fungoid edges, bleeding, and present at their bottom a 
yellowish scaly or granular matter. Articular surfaces are extensively 
altered, sometimes the bones necrosed. Bacilli are found in various 
numbers in the affected tissues and in the peri-articular carious deposits, 
where in general they are less frequent. We have gathered several 
cases of tuberculous arthritis of hens, with lesions very rich in bacilli. 
The researches of Eberlein have shown that, on phthisical parrots, tuber- 
culous arthritis is counted in the proportion of 25 p. 100. 
The treatment of articular tuberculosis of animals is of secondary 
interest. (See Zuderculosis.) 
Ll.—Articular Rheumatism. 
Acute articular rheumatism, specially common in cattle, observed also 
in horse, dog and pig, is a special disease, differing from the sseudo- 
rheumatism which sometimes occurs with pneumonia, distemper, pleuro- 
pneumonia, puerperal infection. To support its specific nature, are in- 
voked: 1, the febrile symptoms.and the characteristic initial period 
of infectious diseases; 2, the simultaneous attack of joints more or 
less apart from each other; 3, the endocarditis which sometimes comes 
and complicates rheumatism ; 4, its apparition in model stables or where 
cold could not be incriminated (Friedberger and Frohner). Cold enters 
in the genesis of this affection only as an occasional cause. 
If bacteriological researches have not yet entirely elucidated the 
pathogeny of rheumatism of man, they have shown that the diseased - 
synovials contain ordinarily micro-organisms, most commonly sta~ 
phylococci (Bouchard and Charron). Schiiller has found in them a 
short bacillus, which, inoculated to animals, gives rise to articular 
lesions. 
The beginning, often insidious, may make one suspect the presenceof 
an internal disease. But the lameness, the local pain and hyperthermia, 
the multiplicity of the joints affected, the ambulatory character of the 
inflammation, are sufficient to establish the diagnosis. The observation. 
reported by Trasbot in the Archives of 1877 is truly typical. During 
the development of these arthritis, there often occur other rheumatismal 
manifestations upon the visceral serous, specially upon the endocardium. 
As soon as rheumatism is diagnosed, a proper hygiene shall be 
