INFECTIOUS ARTHRITIS. 
towards the end of gestation (Lecoq), the bad quality of the milk 
the privation of the colostrum (Darreau), heredity, exposures to « 
(Delafond), insufficient feeding (Roloff) . . . and even as far as 
persistency of the foramen of Botal! Bollinger was the first to cons 
the disease as an infection having its origin in the inflamed suppura 
umbilical cord. The infection of the wound of the umbilicus, through 
putrid decomposition of products covering the soil of stables or barns,’ 
the starting-point of the morbid process. Bollinger mentioned as pre 
posing conditions: the pullings of the umbilical blood-vessels at 
time the cord is torn, its rupture on a point too near the abdomen, 
contusions of the umbilical wound, traumatisms of the abdominal w: 
and, lastly, birth during a cold season. The long sojourn of animal: 
stable, increases in it the proportion of putrid matters, and thus ] 
motes the infection of the umbilical wound. 
Morot reconsidered this etiology in 1884. For him, the cause of 
the trouble is the persistence of the urachus; it is the pouring of 
urine, which ferments, becomes irritating, and afterwards brings on 
inflammation of this canal and omphalo-phlebitis. He advises to ti 
the urinary fistulas by cauterization or ligature. By leaving a cert 
length to the cord, and protecting it from injurious contact by a li: 
bandage, these fistulas are prevented. Chassaing claims that exudat 
and purulent arthritis are two distinct diseases. The first is due t 
sickly condition of the mother and the bad quality of the milk, while 
second is caused by the inflammation of the urachus or of the umbil 
vein, as taught by Bollinger. Cagny insists in believing that umbil 
phlebitis and arthritis of young animals are two distinct affections ; 
finds them very different in their march, and it is only exception: 
that they have been observed on the same animal; for him, umbil! 
phlebitis is followed by death in the eight days following birth, bef 
the appearance of the articular symptoms, while the arthritis ha: 
slower march, attacks successively various articulations, and in gene 
kills only after complete cicatrization of the umbilical vein. But th 
numerous forms of the disease, these differences observed in its ma 
nancy and march, seem to be the result of the diversity of micro-organis 
able to promote it, or of the degrees of virulence of its producing age 
in admitting that this should be unique. It is considered as dem 
strated to-day that pyohemic polyarthritis of colts, calves, lambs : 
young pigs is, as annouriced by Bollinger, a general infectious « 
ease, beginning by a phlegmasia of the umbilical cord and produ 
by the agents of this inflammation, principally by the streptococcus 1 
garis (Nocard, de St. Germain). 
* The treatment: has considerably varied, according to the admit 
