DRY ARTHRITIS—ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS. 567 
ficial sesamoid ligaments, several smaller nodosities. In time the peri~ 
synovial tissues become indurated, calcified or ossified. 
The treatment comprises: At first, antiphlogistics, compression, 
massage or blisters; later, puncture with firing in lines, fine points or 
needles. In rebel cases, with asepsy, injections of phenicated water 
(3-5 p. 100) or of sublimate (1 p. 1,000) might be attempted. Imme- 
‘diately after the operation a wadded dressing or a roller of rubber should 
be applied. 
The synovial of the foot may dilate on the level of its lateral culs-de- 
sac and constitute two little windgalls above the cartilages. Their sym- 
metrical position, their tense condition when the animal is at rest, their 
softness when the foot is raised, are sufficient to distinguish them from 
cysts and side bones. 
Generally they give rise to no lameness and demand no treatment. 
If they did, blisterings, or firing if those are insufficient, must be re-. 
sorted to. 
IX. 
DRY ARTHRITIS—ARTHRITIS DEFORMANS 
Quite common in horses, cattle and dogs, dry or deformans arthritis 
may affect all joints. Anatomically it is specially characterized by the 
wearing of diarthrodial cartilages, the production of osteophytes and the 
deformity of articular surfaces. The affection is sometimes mono-articu- 
lar, limited to one joint; at others polyarticular. Goubaux has seen it in 
all the joints. It is relatively frequent in the hock, knee, fetlock and 
ccoronet (Stockfleth). Dry arthritis of the knee gives rise to some of the 
osselets ; that of the hock promotes the most serious variety of spavins ; 
that of phalangeal joints, number of ringbones. We have often observed 
it at the stifle in horses and dogs; it is more common in heavy herses . 
and large dogs; sometimes it is unilateral, at others the two joints are 
affected. Dry arthritis of the hip is rarer; we have seen afew cases in 
dogs; Méller and Siedamgrotzky have seen it in‘the horse. At the 
museum of the veterinary school at Berne there is a skeleton in which 
almost all the joints are affected.. At the autopsy of a horse treated 
‘without success for a “ general stiffness” of the four legs, Niebuhr found 
call the joints diseased. Sticker has recorded a similar case. 
The nature of dry arthritis is yet in discussion. In man, the rheuma- 
toid origin has been sustained by Charcot. For Weber it is the result © 
.of a lesion of the spinal cord and of the nerves. But traumatic lesions, 
such ‘as luxations, can end with ‘arthritis deformans. According to’ 
‘Quenu, it “is not a special disease; it is a mode of termination of all 
