572 VETERINARY SURGICAL THERAPEUTICS. 
by stitches, and the whole covered with iodoform or iodoformed collodion, 
with a wadded dressing, insuring the immobilization of the joint. 
Let us add that, in general, as these products exist in articulations 
already much altered, interference is followed only by poor results or 
perhaps none at all. 
XII. 
ANKYLOSIS. 
In those morbid conditions, always secondary, joints have lost the 
whole or part of their normal movements. Between the simple articular 
fissure and the complete union of bony extremities, there are numerous. 
intermediates. In every ankylosed joint, the various tissues co-operate 
for a certain portion, to immobilization; bones, synovials, ligaments, 
aproneuosis, muscles and the skin itself. Even nerves and blood-vessels 
are retracted. ; 
Pathological anatomy has recognized: 1, ¢rue or complete anky- 
@osis, in which the articular surfaces and the ligaments are interested ; 
2, false or incomplete, due to alterations of the peri-articular tissues. 
Clinic has not accepted this division ; it has been observed that. 
lesions of the articular surfaces and ligaments permit sometimes ex- 
tensive movements, while peri-articular alterations can immobilize a 
-joint completely. For this reason, to-day, true or complete ankyloses are 
those where no motion whatever is allowed; while false or incomplete 
are those which reduce more or less the extent of the normal movements. 
In complete ankylosis, there is: 1, the ézzerstitial bony ankylosis or by 
_Jusion, ordinarily following suppurative arthritis, sometimes dry ar- 
thritis (spavin), and characterized by the disparition of the articular cavity, 
the union of the bony extremities uncovered of their cartilages; 2, 
peripheric ankylosis or by bony layers, very frequent in animals, and pro- 
duced by the ossification of the peri-articular tissues and specially the 
ligaments. The cartilages and the synovial generally remain intact. 
In the incomplete ankylosis there is also a division into intracapsular, 
due to plastic products, organized in the interior of the cavity, and ex- 
tracapsular, produced by the retraction, induration or calcification of the. 
peri-articular structure. 
Frequently these various lesions are found in one ankylosis. 
The prophylaxis of ankyloses consists in the rational treatment of the 
different diseases which it follows (articular or epiphysar fractures, acute 
or chronic inflammation of joints, serious wounds round articulations). 
If for all those immobilization is the first condition of recovery, if kept 
too long it promotes retraction of tissues and predisposes to ankylosis. 
