MODELS FOR TREE DESCRIPTION 45 
are more or less successive methods to be introduced as 
the work of a class. Pupils should be induced to carry 
on their own investigations as far as possible before 
going to printed sources for information. A good part 
of class work should be devoted to the first three of the 
methods given, but the work might finally include the 
fourth form of composition. The first two methods 
should follow each other with each of the trees studied; 
that is, one week let a-mere outline be written, to be 
followed the next week: with as clear and connected a 
description as the ability of the pupil will allow, and 
containing as much of the information given in the out- 
line as possible. 
OUTLINE FOR TREE DESCRIPTION. 
The tree as a whole: size, general form, trunk, branch- 
ing, twigs, character of bark, color of bark on trunk, 
branches, and fine spray. 
Leaves : parts, arrangement, kinds, size, thickness, form, 
edges, veining, color, surface, duration. 
Buds: position, size, form, covering, number, color. 
Sap and juice. 
Flowers: size, shape, color, parts, odor, position, time 
of blooming, duration. 
Fruit: size, kind, form, color when young and when 
ripe, time of ripening, substance, seeds, duration, usefr). 
ness. 
Wood (often necessarily omitted): hardness, weight, 
color, grain, markings, durability. 
Remarks: the peculiarities not brought out by the above 
outline. 
Nores on THE ForEGOING OUTLINE. 
The height of a tree can be readily determined by the 
following plan. Measure the height you can easily reach 
from the ground in feet and inches. Step to the trunk 
