54 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
L. 
L. 
N. 
N 
Leaves oblique at base. (M.) 
Leaves not oblique at base. (N.) 
M. Margin wavy ; spreading shrub.............. 40. Hamamelis 
M. Margin serrate, leaves usually rough above; trees .......... 
GEae HATH Wiley auch Pot eGe CNG a ees aetare len 74. Ulmus. 
Margin wavy or wavy-lobed ......... eee eee ee eee 88. Quercus. 
. Margin coarsely serrate, each main vein ending in a tooth, and no 
teeth between these veins (European beech entire or angulated to 
pinnatifid). (0.) ‘ 
N. Margin serrate, but not as above. (P.) 
O. Buds long and slender ; teeth not awned........... 90. Fagus. 
O. Buds not as above; teeth more or less awned and incurved.... 
MANA MAINES TEENA ES RATRTAS Koywueaneets 89. Castanea. 
P. Bark scaling off in plates, as in sycamore.......... 75. Planera. 
P. Bark close, smooth, muscular rather than furrowed; fruits in 
leafy-bracted clusters........ erase 86. Ostrya or 87. Carpinus. 
P. Bark horizontally marked, and peeling in horizontal strips rough 
in Nos 6)cs seagss waneawe dies gesue eet v eis ee eaesan 83. Betula. 
P. Notas above. (Q.) 
Q. Woody cones always present...........e0..0 02 2 84. Alnus. 
QO) Twigs Ralry. sia oseswiwlsia dace en eeee wenn oe 85. Corylus. 
Q. Not as above.............. Pdeltiiereter Spacdiaiaidin $G0trece 53. Clethra. 
R. Flowers white, 2 inches wide, solitary. No. 2in..... 7. Stuartia. 
R. Flowers white, small, in racemes ; leaf base entire and decidedly 
wedge-shaped. No. 2in...... ccc cece cect eee eens 53. Clethra. 
S. Plant more or less thorny; shrub or small tree; fruit round 
berries ending in persistent calyx-lobes......... 38. Crategus. 
T. 
T. 
aq oe a 
S. Plant not thorny. (T.) 
Leaf deeply pinnatifid, usually with the basal lobes completely 
separated ; cultivated... 0... cece eee ee aeons wees Ol. Pyrus. 
End of leaf as though cut off or notched; sides with one large 
lobe ; margin entire; large tree.............+..2. Liriodendron. 
Lower leaves three-lobed, heart-shaped at base, upper 
merely ovate, margin entire; small tree or shrub............. 
eWaeeetele Sapien MvahAwale beets ed cgi y ae eat 66. Clerodendron. 
. Some leaves without lobes, all with tapering base, aromatic.... 
AS A apd iase te ver eae evans into aasene ca Gree ERAN. Sli 69. Sassafras. 
Not as above ; leaves usually many-lobed. (U.) 
Leaves thin; bark of trunk peeling off in thin horizontal 
BUTI PS isha eines, areal y Paletea eee teeeeeseee. 83, Betula. 
Leaves thin; leaf-buds long, slender, sharp-pointed ; bark 
smooth, not peeling; cultivated................00. 90. Fagus. 
. Leaves thickish; bark roughish; fruit an oval woody cone, 
remaining on through the year...............0.08- 84. Alnus. 
Leaves thick ; fruit an acorn......... sae wheitins 88. Quercus. 
