28 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
hiscent (Chestnut, Hickory-nut) ; if not, indehiscent (Black 
Walnut). 
Dry fruits with spreading, wing-like appendages, as in 
the Ash (Fig. 11), Maple (Fig. 12), Elm 
(Fig. 13), and Ailanthus, are called sa- 
maras or keys. 
4 Dry fruits, usually elongated, contain- 
je ing generally several seeds, are called 
ts pods. Tf there is but one cell and the 
# ‘ seeds are fastened along one side, Pea- 
4 like pods, or legumes. Locust. The term 
Fig. 12, capsule indicates that there is more than 
one cell. Catalpa, Hibiscus. 
All the dry, scaly fruits, usually formed by the ripening 
of some sort of catkin of flowers, will be included under 
the term cone. Pine, Alder, Magnolia. If the appear- 
ance of the fruit is not much e different from that of 
the cluster of flowers, as in the Hornbeams, Wil- 
lows, and Birches, the term catkin will be retained for the 
fruit also. The scales of a cone 
may lap over each other; they are 
then said to be imbricated or over- 
lapping, @&®-» (Pine); or they may 
merely “WS” touch at their 
edges, when they are valvate 
(Cypress). When cones or @ 
catkins hang downward, the. 
are pendent. If the scales have 
projecting points, these points are 
spines if strong, and: prickles it 
weak. The parts back of the scales 
are bracts; these often project Fig. 13. 
beyond the scales, when they are said to be exserted. 
% Sometimes the exserted bracts are bent backward ; 
\ they are then said to be recurved or reflexed. 
