134 TREES OF THE NORTHERN UNITED STATES 
1. Olmus filva, Michx. (SLIPPERY OR 
Rep Ex.) Leaves large, 4 to 8 in., very 
rough above, ovate-oblong, taper-point- 
ed, doubly serrate, soft-downy beneath ; 
branchlets downy; inner bark very mu- 
cilaginous; leaves sweet-scented in dry- 
ing; buds in spring soft and downy with 
rusty hairs. Fruit with a shallow notch 
in the wing not nearly reaching the 
rounded nut. A medium-sized tree, 45 to 60 
ft. high, with tough and very durable red- 
dish wood ; wild in rich soils throughout. 
‘2. Olmus montana, Bauh. (ScotcH 
oR WitcH Et.) Leaves broad, obovate, 
abruptly pointed and doubly serrated. 
Fruit rounded, with a slightly notched 
wing, naked. Branches drooping at 
their extremity, their bark smooth 
and even. A medium-sized tree, 50 
to 60 ft. high, with spreading or often 
drooping branches; extensively eulti- 
vated under a dozen different names, 
among the most peculiar being the 
White-margined (var. alba marginata), 
the Crisped-leaved (var. crispa), and 
the Weeping (var. pendula) Elms. 
U. fulva. 
3. Olmus campéstris, L. (Ene- 
LISH OR FIELD Exum.) Leaves much 
smaller and of a darker color than the 
American Elm, obovate-oblong, ab- VU, montana, 
tuptly sharp-pointed, doubly serrated, rough. 
Fruit smooth, with the wing deeply notched. 
A tall and beautiful cultivated tree, with the 
branches growing out from the trunk more 
abruptly than those of the American Elm, 
and thus forming a more pyramidal tree. A 
score of named varieties are in cultivation in 
this country, some with very corky bark, 
others with curled leaves, and still others with weeping branches. 
1 
2 
U. campéstris. 
4. Wlmus racemésa, Thomas. (Cork on Rock ELM.) Leaves 
2 to 4 in. long, obovate-oblong, abruptly pointed, often doubly ser 
